Differences between revisions 5 and 44 (spanning 39 versions)

Newton's First Law

PIRA classification 1F

First law: The velocity of a body remains constant unless the body is acted upon by an external force. Another way of saying it is an object will remain (in motion or still) until an external force is applied.

28 Demonstrations listed of which 12 are grayed out.

Grayed out demonstrations are not available or within our archive and are under consideration to be added.

1F10. Measuring Inertia

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Subsets	Abstract
1F10.10	Inertia Balance		Place masses on a platform supported by horizontal leaf springs.
1F10.12	Inertia Oscillation		A puck between two springs rolling on Dy-lite beads is timed with several different masses.
1F10.13	Inertia Balance w/Strobe		Use a stroboscope to measure the period of an inertia balance.
1F10.20	Inertia Bongs		Two large cylinders or blocks are suspended, one wood (3Kg) and one iron or steel (50Kg). Students compare displacements when struck by a hammer or just push the things around.
1F10.25	Unknown Bricks		A lead brick and a wooden block(balsa wood) of the same dimensions are both wrapped in aluminum foil to look identical. Each block is then hit with a hammer. Then toss the wooden block to a student.
1F10.30	Judging Inertial Mass		A blindfolded volunteer compares a mass on a string with a mass on a roller cart.

1F20. Inertia of Rest

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Subsets	Abstract
1F20.10	Inertia Ball	pira200	A heavy ball is suspended by a piece of string with two pieces of string hanging off the bottom, all pieces being identical. One bottom string is yanked with a quick, hard jerk resulting in it breaking while the other is pulled slowly resulting in the top string breaking.
1F20.13	Inertia Stick		A long stick is supported from rings of filter paper at each end. Break the filter paper with a pull or the stick with a jerk.
1F20.15	Inertia Block		A 50 lb or larger mass is mounted on rollers. A thread will pull it but a cotton cord rope can be broken with a quick jerk.
1F20.20	Smash Your Hand		Place a lead block on your hand and hit it with a hammer.
1F20.22	Hit the Nail on the Head		Drive a nail into a large block of wood placed on a student's head.
1F20.25	Bed of Nails		See 1K30.10, A bed of nails is placed on the chest before smashing the block with a sledge.
1F20.26	Vibrograph		An optical lever arrangement for magnifying small displacements of a large mass when the table is hit with a hammer.
1F20.30	Tablecloth Pull	pira200	AKA Beaker and Cloth. A beaker partially filled with water is placed on a seamless tablecloth favoring an edge. The tablecloth is quickly yanked out from under the beaker, leaving the beaker in place without spilling any water. Thus, illustrating Newton's first law.
1F20.32	Ball on Cart (Rest)		A ball is placed on a larger cart or dolly. When the larger cart is moved the ball moves in the opposite direction due to the ball's rest inertia.
1F20.33	Inertia Cylinder		Stand a 3/4" x 6" aluminum cylinder on a sheet of paper. Jerk the paper out from under the cylinder.
1F20.34	Card snap		Snap a card out from under a tall object, e.g., a shipping tag from under a balanced claw hammer.
1F20.35	Eggs and Pizza Pan		Place a pizza pan on three beakers, place cardboard tubes on the pan directly above the beakers, and eggs on the tubes. Knock out the pizza pan.
1F20.40	Stick on Wine Glasses		Stick needles in the ends of a 3/4" sq x 4' clear pine bar. Place the needles on wine glasses full of water and break the stick with an iron bar.
1F20.50	Shifted Air Track Inertia		Support an air track on wheels. Move the air track under an air glider.
1F20.61	Inertia Cart		A cart has a pivoting arm with different masses but the same volume at the ends. The greater mass lags behind as the cart is accelerated.
1F20.62	String of Weights		A string of weights connected by springs shows uneven deformation when jerked.

1F30. Inertia of Motion

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Subsets	Abstract
1F30.10	Persistence of Motion (Air Track)	pira200	A cart on a low-friction air track is given a velocity which remains roughly constant as per Newton's first law.
1F30.11	Air Table Puck		Air table with a puck.
1F30.13	CO2 Block		A large piece of dry ice on a flat formica top wetted with alcohol.
1F30.21	Water Hammer		A tube is evacuated except for some water. When the tube is stopped suddenly, the water strikes the end of the tube with a click.
1F30.30	Cart on Cart		A small cart is free to move on top of a large rolling cart which comes to a sudden stop. The cart continues to move due to the cart's inertia.
1F30.31	Ball on Cart (Motion)		A ball is placed on a larger cart or dolly, the two being brought to a constant speed. When the larger cart is brought to a sudden stop, the ball flies forward with the original speed in the same direction due to the ball's kinetic inertia.
1F30.50	Pencil and Plywood		Place a pencil in a brass tube hooked to a fire extinguisher. Fire the pencil into a 1/2" plywood board.

Table of Mechanics

Mechanics (1E): Relative Motion

Mechanics (1G): Newton's Second Law

Lecture Demonstrations

Demonstrations

Home

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+First law: The velocity of a body remains constant unless the body is acted upon by an external force. Another way of saying it is an object will remain (in motion or still) until an external force is applied.
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-||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||1F10.10||	inertia balance||	A torsion pendulum has cups that can be loaded with various masses.||
||1F10.10||	inertia balance||	A light torsion pendulum can be loaded with various masses.||
||1F10.10||	inertia balance||	Torsion pendulum as an inertia balance.||
||1F10.11||	inertia balance||	A horizontal leaf spring as an inertial balance.||
||1F10.11||	inertia balance||	Place masses on a platform supported by horizontal leaf springs.||
||1F10.12||	inertia oscillation||	A puck between two springs rolling on Dy-lite beads is timed with several different masses.||
||1F10.13||	inertial equal arm balance||	Publication of an unfinished demonstration, but up front about it. Shows circuit diagram for a indicator for a horizontal Roberval type balance on an acceleration cart.||
||1F10.13||	inertia balance||	Measure the period of a commercially available (?) inertia balance by using a stroboscope.||
||1F10.20||	inertia bongs||	Hit hanging 2"x4"x10" blocks of wood and steel with a hammer.||
||1F10.20||	inertia bongs||	Two large cylinders are suspended, one wood (3Kg) and one iron (50Kg). Students compare displacements when struck by a hammer or just push the things around.||
||1F10.25||	foam rocks||	Hit a real rock (granite) then a foam rock (looks like granite) with a hammer. Throw a form rock at some students.||
||1F10.25||	foam rock||	Hit a real rock and then a foam rock with a heavy mallet.||
||1F10.30||	judging inertial mass||	A blindfolded volunteer compares a mass on a string with a mass on a roller cart.||


= 1F20. Inertia of Rest =

||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||1F20.10||	inertia balls||	Break the string on the top or bottom of a suspended mass.||
||1F20.10||	inertia balls||	Two heavy iron balls are hung separately between lengths of string. Pull on one and jerk on the other.||
||1F20.10||	inertia balls||	Two steel balls are suspended by strings with identical strings tied from their bottoms. Give a quick jerk to one and pull the other slowly.||
||1F20.10||	inertial balls	Break the string on the top or bottom of a suspended mass.||
||1F20.10||	inertia ball||	A mass is suspended between two cords. Pull slowly or jerk on the lower cord.||
||1F20.11||	bowling ball inertia balls||	Replace the standard 6 cm balls with bowling balls for increased visibility.||
||1F20.12||	inertia balls||	One mass is hung from a string and another mass hung below it. Jerk the lower mass to break one of the strings.||
||1F20.13||	inertia stick||	A long stick is supported from rings of filter paper at each end. Break the filter paper with a pull or the stick with a jerk.||
||1F20.15||	inertia block||	A 50 lb mass is mounted on rollers. A thread will pull it but a rope can be broken with a jerk.||
||1F20.16||	inertia block||	Tie a loop of 7/16" braided cotton cord through a hole in a 2"x4"x10" steel block. Pull and jerk with a hammer.||
||1F20.16||	inertia block||	A length of rope is tied to a 10 lb. block. A pull with a hammer will move the block but a jerk will break the rope.||
||1F20.16||	inertia block||	A rope is attached between a heavy iron ball and a hammer head. A fast swing of the hammer takes up the slack and breaks the rope without moving the ball.||
||1F20.18||	inertia balls - analysis||	For the more advanced reader. The system may be treated as a forced harmonic oscillator and the classical results of the demonstration are verified analytically. Surprises emerge.||
||1F20.20||	smash your hand||	Place a lead block on your hand and hit it with a hammer.||
||1F20.20||	smash your hand||	Hit a 10 lb. brick with a hammer while it rests on your hand.||
||1F20.21||	smash your hand, etc.||	Hit a 10 lb block on the hand or a 50 lb brick on the stomach with a hammer. Pound nails into a 50-75 lb wood block placed on a student's head.||
||1F20.22||	hit the nail on the head||	Place a physics book, then a 6"x6" block of wood on a student's head and drive a nail into the block.||
||1F20.22||	hit the nail on the "head"||	Drive a nail into a large block of wood placed on a student's head.||
||1F20.25||	smash the block||	An analysis of smashing a block on a volunteer sandwiched between two nail beds. Safety issues are discussed.||
||1F20.25||	smash the block||	A bed of nails is placed on the chest before smashing the block with a sledge.||
||1F20.26||	vibrograph||	An optical lever arrangement for magnifying small displacements of a large mass when the table is hit with a hammer.||
||1F20.30||	the tablecloth pull||	Pictures and a few hints.||
||1F20.30||	tablecloth pull||	Pull the tablecloth out from under a place setting.||
||1F20.30||	tablecloth pull||	Pull a low friction tablecloth from under a place setting.||
||1F20.33||	inertia cylinder||	Stand a 3/4" x 6" aluminum cylinder on a sheet of paper. Jerk the paper out from under the cylinder.||
||1F20.33||	inertia cylinder||	Jerk a sheet of paper out from under a thin steel cylinder.||
||1F20.34||	card/coin snap||	Snap a card out from under a tall object, e.g., a shipping tag from under a balanced claw hammer.||
||1F20.34||	card/coin snap||	Several inertia tricks.||
||1F20.34||	card/coin snap||	Snap a piece of cardboard from under a steel ball.||
||1F20.35||	eggs and pizza pan||	Set a pizza pan on three 2l beakers full of water, stand paper cylinders with eggs at the tops above the beakers, knock out the pizza pan.||
||1F20.35||	blocks and broomstick||	Egg on a spool, on a pie tin, on a beaker of water. Flex broom and knock out pie tin.||
||1F20.35||	eggs and pizza pan||	Place a pizza pan on three beakers, place cardboard tubes on the pan directly above the beakers, and eggs on the tubes. Knock out the pizza pan.||
||1F20.40||	stick on wine glasses||	Stick needles in the ends of a 3/4" sq x 4' clear pine bar. Place the needles on wine glasses full of water and break the stick with an iron bar.||
||1F20.50||	shifted air track inertia||	Support an air track on wheels. Move the air track under an air glider.||
||1F20.50||	shifted air track inertia||	Move the air track under an air track glider.||
||1F20.60||	loose hammer head||	A hammer handle may be tightened by pounding on the far end of the handle.||
||1F20.61||	inertia cart||	A cart has a pivoting arm with different masses but the same volume at the ends. The greater mass lags behind as the cart is accelerated.||
||1F20.62||	string of weights||	A string of weights connected by springs shows uneven deformation when jerked.||
||1F20.64||	inertia of liquids||	There are two horizontal glass tubes, one with a cork cylinder and the other with a lead cylinder. Strike the stopper at one end of the glass tubes with a hammer and watch the direction of the cylinders.||


= 1F30. Inertia of Motion =

||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||1F30.10||	persistence of motion (air track)||	A single cart on the air track.||
||1F30.10||	persistence of motion (air track)||	A single cart on the air track.||
||1F30.11||	air table puck||	Air table with a puck.||
||1F30.13||	CO2 block||	A large piece of dry ice on a flat formica top wetted with alcohol.||
||1F30.21||	water hammer||	Some water in an evacuated test tube clicks when the water hits the end of the tube.||
||1F30.21||	water hammer||	Shut off the sink faucet and a water hammer may be heard. A small tube evacuated with some water shows the effect nicely.||
||1F30.21||	water hammer||	A tube is evacuated except for some water. When the tube is stopped suddenly, the water strikes the end of the tube with a click.||
||1F30.21||	water hammer||	Evacuate a glass tube containing water.||
||1F30.30||	car on cart on cart||	A small car on a skateboard on a large roller cart hits a stop level with the roller cart and the skateboard and car continue to move at constant velocity.||
||1F30.30||	cart on a cart||	A smaller roller cart is placed on a larger one. when the larger is stopped, the smaller continues.||
||1F30.40||	nail by hand||	Follow the directions in TPT 18(1),50.||
||1F30.40||	hand pile driver||	Drive a nail into wood with your bare hands.||
||1F30.50||	pencil and plywood||	Place a pencil in a brass tube hooked to a fire extinguisher. Fire the pencil into a 1/2" plywood board.||
||1F30.50||	pencil and plywood||	Use a CO2 extinguisher to fire a pencil through a 1/2" plywood.||
+Demonstrations listed of which 12 are grayed out.
||<#dddddd>Grayed out demonstrations are '''not''' available or within our archive and are under consideration to be added. ||
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||<10%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot; &quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot; &quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''Abstract''' ||
||1F10.10 ||Inertia Balance || ||Place masses on a platform supported by horizontal leaf springs. ||
||<#dddddd>1F10.12 ||<#dddddd>Inertia Oscillation ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A puck between two springs rolling on Dy-lite beads is timed with several different masses. ||
||1F10.13 ||Inertia Balance w/Strobe || ||Use a stroboscope to measure the period of an inertia balance. ||
||<#dddddd>1F10.20 ||<#dddddd>Inertia Bongs ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Two large cylinders or blocks are suspended, one wood (3Kg) and one iron or steel (50Kg). Students compare displacements when struck by a hammer or just push the things around. ||
||1F10.25 ||[[UnknownBricks|Unknown Bricks]] || ||A lead brick and a wooden block(balsa wood) of the same dimensions are both wrapped in aluminum foil to look identical. Each block is then hit with a hammer. Then toss the wooden block to a student. ||
||1F10.30 ||Judging Inertial Mass || ||A blindfolded volunteer compares a mass on a string with a mass on a roller cart. ||


<<Anchor(InertiaofRest)>>

= 1F20. Inertia of Rest =
||<10%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot; &quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot; &quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''Abstract''' ||
||1F20.10 ||[[Inertia_Ball|Inertia Ball]] ||pira200 ||A heavy ball is suspended by a piece of string with two pieces of string hanging off the bottom, all pieces being identical. One bottom string is yanked with a quick, hard jerk  resulting in it breaking while the other is pulled slowly resulting in the top string breaking. ||
||<#dddddd>1F20.13 ||<#dddddd>Inertia Stick ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A long stick is supported from rings of filter paper at each end. Break the filter paper with a pull or the stick with a jerk. ||
||<#dddddd>1F20.15 ||<#dddddd>Inertia Block ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A 50 lb  or larger mass is mounted on rollers. A thread will pull it but a cotton cord rope can be broken with a quick jerk. ||
||1F20.20 ||Smash Your Hand || ||Place a lead block on your hand and hit it with a hammer. ||
||1F20.22 ||Hit the Nail on the Head || ||Drive a nail into a large block of wood placed on a student's head. ||
||1F20.25 ||[[BedofNails|Bed of Nails]] || ||See 1K30.10, A bed of nails is placed on the chest before smashing the block with a sledge. ||
||1F20.26 ||Vibrograph || ||An optical lever arrangement for magnifying small displacements of a large mass when the table is hit with a hammer. ||
||1F20.30 ||[[Tablecloth_Pull|Tablecloth Pull]] ||pira200||AKA Beaker and Cloth. A beaker partially filled with water is placed on a seamless tablecloth favoring an edge. The tablecloth is quickly yanked out from under the beaker, leaving the beaker in place without spilling any water. Thus, illustrating Newton's first law. ||
||1F20.32 ||[[Ball_on_Cart_(Rest)|Ball on Cart (Rest)]] || ||A ball is placed on a larger cart or dolly. When the larger cart is moved the ball moves in the opposite direction due to the ball's rest inertia. ||
||<#dddddd>1F20.33 ||<#dddddd>Inertia Cylinder ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Stand a 3/4" x 6" aluminum cylinder on a sheet of paper. Jerk the paper out from under the cylinder. ||
||1F20.34 ||Card snap || ||Snap a card out from under a tall object, e.g., a shipping tag from under a balanced claw hammer. ||
||<#dddddd>1F20.35 ||<#dddddd>Eggs and Pizza Pan ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Place a pizza pan on three beakers, place cardboard tubes on the pan directly above the beakers, and eggs on the tubes. Knock out the pizza pan. ||
||<#dddddd>1F20.40 ||<#dddddd>Stick on Wine Glasses ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Stick needles in the ends of a 3/4" sq x 4' clear pine bar. Place the needles on wine glasses full of water and break the stick with an iron bar. ||
||<#dddddd>1F20.50 ||<#dddddd>Shifted Air Track Inertia ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Support an air track on wheels. Move the air track under an air glider. ||
||<#dddddd>1F20.61 ||<#dddddd>Inertia Cart ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A cart has a pivoting arm with different masses but the same volume at the ends. The greater mass lags behind as the cart is accelerated. ||
||<#dddddd>1F20.62 ||<#dddddd>String of Weights ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A string of weights connected by springs shows uneven deformation when jerked. ||


<<Anchor(InertiaofMotion)>>

= 1F30. Inertia of Motion =
||<10%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot; &quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot; &quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''Abstract''' ||
||1F30.10 ||[[Persistence_of_Motion_(Air_Track)|Persistence]][[Persistence_of_Motion_(Air_Track)|of Motion (Air Track)]] ||pira200||A cart on a low-friction air track is given a velocity which remains roughly constant as per Newton's first law. ||
||1F30.11 ||Air Table Puck || ||Air table with a puck. ||
||<#dddddd>1F30.13 ||<#dddddd>CO2 Block ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A large piece of dry ice on a flat formica top wetted with alcohol. ||
||<#dddddd>1F30.21 ||<#dddddd>Water Hammer ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A tube is evacuated except for some water. When the tube is stopped suddenly, the water strikes the end of the tube with a click. ||
||1F30.30 ||[[Cart_on_Cart|Cart on Cart]] || ||A small cart is free to move on top of a large rolling cart which comes to a sudden stop. The cart continues to move due to the cart's inertia. ||
||1F30.31 ||[[Ball_on_Cart|Ball on Cart (Motion)]] || ||A ball is placed on a larger cart or dolly, the two being brought to a constant speed. When the larger cart is brought to a sudden stop, the ball flies forward with the original speed in the same direction due to the ball's kinetic inertia. ||
||<#dddddd>1F30.50 ||<#dddddd>Pencil and Plywood ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Place a pencil in a brass tube hooked to a fire extinguisher. Fire the pencil into a 1/2" plywood board. ||


||<25%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">[[PiraScheme#Mechanics|Table of Mechanics]] ||<25%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">[[RelativeMotion|Mechanics (1E): Relative Motion]] ||<25%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">[[Newtons2NDLaw|Mechanics (1G): Newton's Second Law]] ||<25%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;text-align:center&amp; quot;  &quot; ">[[Demonstrations|Lecture Demonstrations]] ||


[[Demonstrations]]

[[Instructional|Home]]

fw: Diff for "Newtons1STLaw"

Newton's First Law

1F10. Measuring Inertia

1F20. Inertia of Rest

1F30. Inertia of Motion