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| ||<25% style="text-align:center">[[PiraScheme#Thermodynamics|Table of Thermodynamics]] ||<25% style="text-align:center">[[GasLaw|Thermodynamics (4E): Gas Law]] ||<25% style="text-align:center"> ||<25% style="text-align:center">[[Demonstrations|Lecture Demonstrations]] || |
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||<#dddddd> Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet.|| = 4F10. Entropy = ||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''|| || 4F10.00 || Entropy || || || 4F10.10 || time reversal || || || 4F10.10 || time reversal || An ink column in glycerine between two concentric rotating cylinders appears to mix and unmix. || || 4F10.10 || unmixing demonstration || The area between coaxial cylinders is filled with a Newtonian fluid and a suitable tracer. When the inner cylinder is rotated, the tracer appears to be mixed but is distributed in a fine one armed spiral sheet. Reversing the direction of inner cylinder rotation will cause the original tracer pattern to reappear. || || 4F10.10 || order and disorder || Ink seems to be mixed in glycerine but can be unmixed. || || 4F10.10 || un-mixing || Glycerine between two concentric cylinders. Animation. || || 4F10.11 || capacitor charging entropy change || A simple demonstration-experiment that measures the difference in change of temperature due to charging a capacitor in many steps or one step. || || 4F10.20 || balls in a pan || || || 4F10.20 || balls in a pan || Three red balls and three yellow balls are mixed in a pan. || || 4F10.25 || communication time and entropy || Demonstrate entropy with the time it takes a student to communicate the structure of ordered and disordered playing cards, and a salt crystal model, etc. || || 4F10.30 || Hilsh tube || || || 4F10.30 || Hilsh tube || || || 4F10.30 || Hilsch tube || The Hilsch tube is a sort of double vortex that separates hot and cold air. || || 4F10.40 || dust explosion || || || 4F10.40 || dust explosion || || || 4F10.40 || dust explosions || Disperse dust in a can with a squeeze bulb and use a spark to set off the explosion. || || 4F10.40 || dust explosion || Blow a teaspoon of lycopodium powder into a covered can that contains a lighted candle inside. || || 4F10.40 || dust explosion || Blow lycopodium powder into a can containing a candle. || || 4F10.45 || gas explosion || Fill a can that has a hole on top and bottom with illuminating gas and light the top hole. The flame burns low and then the can explodes. || = 4F30. Heat Cycles = ||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''|| || 4F30.00 || Heat Cycles || || || 4F30.01 || Hero's engine || see 3C55.35 || || 4F30.01 || drinking bird || see 4E31.20 || || 4F30.10 || Stirling engine || Show both a working stirling engine and a cutaway model. || || 4F30.10 || Stirling engine || Show both a working Stirling engine and a cutaway model. || || 4F30.10 || Stirling hot air engine || A Stirling hot air engine. || || 4F30.10 || hot air engine || Pictures and diagram of a hot air engine that can be run as a hot or cold engine or driven both ways. || || 4F30.10 || Stirling engine || Shows the standard Stirling engine, includes good animation. || || 4F30.11 || the stirling engine explained || An explanation of how the Stirling engine works. Good diagrams. (We had to machine off the top half of one to convince the faculty) || || 4F30.20 || steam engine || || || 4F30.20 || steam engine || A small steam engine runs from a small alcohol lamp. || || 4F30.20 || steam engine || A small steam engine powers a small electric generator. || || 4F30.22 || room temperature steam engine || Place an inflated balloon on the end of a capped copper tube and immerse the tube in liquid N2. Place a weight the collapsed balloon and it will rise when the balloon warms up. || || 4F30.25 || Liquid nitrogen engine || Convert a small steam engine to run on liquid nitrogen. || || 4F30.25 || liquid air steam engine || Run a model steam engine by connecting a test tube of liquid air to the boiler. || || 4F30.30 || Hilsh tube || || || 4F30.30 || Hilsh tube || || || 4F30.31 || model steam engine || Picture of a model steam engine. || || 4F30.35 || compressed air engine || The parts of a steam engine that runs on compressed air. || || 4F30.40 || refrigerator || || || 4F30.50 || engine models || Models of different engines are shown. || || 4F30.52 || model gasoline engine || A picture of a model gasoline engine. || || 4F30.55 || air/ocean uniform temperature engine || An experimental engine that shows that it is possible to extract heat from a nonhomogeneous uniform temperature reservoir. The humidity must be less than 100% as evaporative cooling is used. || || 4F30.56 || ratchet and pawl model || Use of a ratchet and pawl model to discuss the second law. Diagram, Construction details in appendix, p.1287. || || 4F30.60 || Nitinol engine || || || 4F30.60 || Nitinol engine || || || 4F30.60 || Nitinol engine comments || Comments on AJP 52(12),1144 taking issue with several points. || || 4F30.60 || Nitinol engine || Short thermodynamic discussion of the Nitinol engine. || || 4F30.70 || rubber band engine || || || 4F30.70 || rubber band motor || A wheel with rubber band spokes turns when heated locally with a spotlight. || || 4F30.70 || rubber band motor || The spokes of a bicycle wheel are replaced with rubber bands and a heat lamp is focused on one area causing the bands to contract at that point. Pictures. || || 4F30.71 || rubber band motor thermodynamics || An analysis of the thermodynamics of a simple rubber band heat engine. || || 4F30.76 || optimizing the rubber-band engine || An appropriate choice of dimensions maximizes the torque of an Archibald rubber-band heat engine. Plenty of analysis. || || 4F30.90 || Buchner diagram extensions || Comments extending the Buchner diagram to irreversible systems. || || 4F30.91 || Bucher diagrams || A new diagram of the Carnot cycle to replace the pipeline diagram. || || 4F30.95 || Carnot cycle diagrams || A set of thirty different Carnot cycle diagrams. || |
||<#dddddd>Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet. || |
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| [:Demonstrations:Demonstrations] | |
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| [:Instructional:Home] | = 4F10. Entropy = ||<10% style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Subsets'''||<60% style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' || ||4F10.00 ||Entropy || || || ||4F10.10 ||time reversal || || || ||4F10.10 ||time reversal || ||An ink column in glycerine between two concentric rotating cylinders appears to mix and unmix. || ||4F10.10 ||unmixing demonstration || ||The area between coaxial cylinders is filled with a Newtonian fluid and a suitable tracer. When the inner cylinder is rotated, the tracer appears to be mixed but is distributed in a fine one armed spiral sheet. Reversing the direction of inner cylinder rotation will cause the original tracer pattern to reappear. || ||4F10.10 ||order and disorder || ||Ink seems to be mixed in glycerine but can be unmixed. || ||4F10.10 ||un-mixing || ||Glycerine between two concentric cylinders. Animation. || ||4F10.11 ||capacitor charging entropy change || ||A simple demonstration-experiment that measures the difference in change of temperature due to charging a capacitor in many steps or one step. || ||4F10.20 ||balls in a pan || || || ||4F10.20 ||balls in a pan || ||Three red balls and three yellow balls are mixed in a pan. || ||4F10.25 ||communication time and entropy || ||Demonstrate entropy with the time it takes a student to communicate the structure of ordered and disordered playing cards, and a salt crystal model, etc. || ||4F10.30 ||Hilsh tube || || || ||4F10.30 ||Hilsh tube || || || ||4F10.30 ||Hilsch tube || ||The Hilsch tube is a sort of double vortex that separates hot and cold air. || ||4F10.40 ||dust explosion || || || ||4F10.40 ||dust explosion || || || ||4F10.40 ||dust explosions || ||Disperse dust in a can with a squeeze bulb and use a spark to set off the explosion. || ||4F10.40 ||dust explosion || ||Blow a teaspoon of lycopodium powder into a covered can that contains a lighted candle inside. || ||4F10.40 ||dust explosion || ||Blow lycopodium powder into a can containing a candle. || ||4F10.45 ||gas explosion || ||Fill a can that has a hole on top and bottom with illuminating gas and light the top hole. The flame burns low and then the can explodes. || = 4F30. Heat Cycles = ||<10% style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Subsets'''||<60% style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' || ||4F30.00 ||Heat Cycles || || || ||4F30.01 ||Hero's engine || ||see 3C55.35 || ||4F30.01 ||drinking bird || ||see 4E31.20 || ||4F30.10 ||Stirling engine ||pira200||Show both a working Stirling engine and a cutaway model. || ||4F30.10 ||Stirling hot air engine || ||A Stirling hot air engine. || ||4F30.10 ||hot air engine || ||Pictures and diagram of a hot air engine that can be run as a hot or cold engine or driven both ways. || ||4F30.10 ||Stirling engine || ||Shows the standard Stirling engine, includes good animation. || ||4F30.11 ||the stirling engine explained || ||An explanation of how the Stirling engine works. Good diagrams. (We had to machine off the top half of one to convince the faculty) || ||4F30.20 ||steam engine || || || ||4F30.20 ||steam engine || ||A small steam engine runs from a small alcohol lamp. || ||4F30.20 ||steam engine || ||A small steam engine powers a small electric generator. || ||4F30.22 ||room temperature steam engine || ||Place an inflated balloon on the end of a capped copper tube and immerse the tube in liquid N2. Place a weight the collapsed balloon and it will rise when the balloon warms up. || ||4F30.25 ||Liquid nitrogen engine || ||Convert a small steam engine to run on liquid nitrogen. || ||4F30.25 ||liquid air steam engine || ||Run a model steam engine by connecting a test tube of liquid air to the boiler. || ||4F30.30 ||Hilsh tube || || || ||4F30.30 ||Hilsh tube || || || ||4F30.31 ||model steam engine || ||Picture of a model steam engine. || ||4F30.35 ||compressed air engine || ||The parts of a steam engine that runs on compressed air. || ||4F30.40 ||refrigerator || || || ||4F30.50 ||engine models || ||Models of different engines are shown. || ||4F30.52 ||model gasoline engine || ||A picture of a model gasoline engine. || ||4F30.55 ||air/ocean uniform temperature engine || ||An experimental engine that shows that it is possible to extract heat from a nonhomogeneous uniform temperature reservoir. The humidity must be less than 100% as evaporative cooling is used. || ||4F30.56 ||ratchet and pawl model || ||Use of a ratchet and pawl model to discuss the second law. Diagram, Construction details in appendix, p.1287. || ||4F30.60 ||Nitinol engine || || || ||4F30.60 ||Nitinol engine || || || ||4F30.60 ||Nitinol engine comments || ||Comments on AJP 52(12),1144 taking issue with several points. || ||4F30.60 ||Nitinol engine || ||Short thermodynamic discussion of the Nitinol engine. || ||4F30.70 ||rubber band engine || || || ||4F30.70 ||rubber band motor || ||A wheel with rubber band spokes turns when heated locally with a spotlight. || ||4F30.70 ||rubber band motor || ||The spokes of a bicycle wheel are replaced with rubber bands and a heat lamp is focused on one area causing the bands to contract at that point. Pictures. || ||4F30.71 ||rubber band motor thermodynamics || ||An analysis of the thermodynamics of a simple rubber band heat engine. || ||4F30.76 ||optimizing the rubber-band engine || ||An appropriate choice of dimensions maximizes the torque of an Archibald rubber-band heat engine. Plenty of analysis. || ||4F30.90 ||Buchner diagram extensions || ||Comments extending the Buchner diagram to irreversible systems. || ||4F30.91 ||Bucher diagrams || ||A new diagram of the Carnot cycle to replace the pipeline diagram. || ||4F30.95 ||Carnot cycle diagrams || ||A set of thirty different Carnot cycle diagrams. || [[Demonstrations]] [[Instructional|Home]] |
Entropy and the Second Law
PIRA classification 4F
Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet. |
4F10. Entropy
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Subsets |
Abstract |
4F10.00 |
Entropy |
|
|
4F10.10 |
time reversal |
|
|
4F10.10 |
time reversal |
|
An ink column in glycerine between two concentric rotating cylinders appears to mix and unmix. |
4F10.10 |
unmixing demonstration |
|
The area between coaxial cylinders is filled with a Newtonian fluid and a suitable tracer. When the inner cylinder is rotated, the tracer appears to be mixed but is distributed in a fine one armed spiral sheet. Reversing the direction of inner cylinder rotation will cause the original tracer pattern to reappear. |
4F10.10 |
order and disorder |
|
Ink seems to be mixed in glycerine but can be unmixed. |
4F10.10 |
un-mixing |
|
Glycerine between two concentric cylinders. Animation. |
4F10.11 |
capacitor charging entropy change |
|
A simple demonstration-experiment that measures the difference in change of temperature due to charging a capacitor in many steps or one step. |
4F10.20 |
balls in a pan |
|
|
4F10.20 |
balls in a pan |
|
Three red balls and three yellow balls are mixed in a pan. |
4F10.25 |
communication time and entropy |
|
Demonstrate entropy with the time it takes a student to communicate the structure of ordered and disordered playing cards, and a salt crystal model, etc. |
4F10.30 |
Hilsh tube |
|
|
4F10.30 |
Hilsh tube |
|
|
4F10.30 |
Hilsch tube |
|
The Hilsch tube is a sort of double vortex that separates hot and cold air. |
4F10.40 |
dust explosion |
|
|
4F10.40 |
dust explosion |
|
|
4F10.40 |
dust explosions |
|
Disperse dust in a can with a squeeze bulb and use a spark to set off the explosion. |
4F10.40 |
dust explosion |
|
Blow a teaspoon of lycopodium powder into a covered can that contains a lighted candle inside. |
4F10.40 |
dust explosion |
|
Blow lycopodium powder into a can containing a candle. |
4F10.45 |
gas explosion |
|
Fill a can that has a hole on top and bottom with illuminating gas and light the top hole. The flame burns low and then the can explodes. |
4F30. Heat Cycles
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Subsets |
Abstract |
4F30.00 |
Heat Cycles |
|
|
4F30.01 |
Hero's engine |
|
see 3C55.35 |
4F30.01 |
drinking bird |
|
see 4E31.20 |
4F30.10 |
Stirling engine |
pira200 |
Show both a working Stirling engine and a cutaway model. |
4F30.10 |
Stirling hot air engine |
|
A Stirling hot air engine. |
4F30.10 |
hot air engine |
|
Pictures and diagram of a hot air engine that can be run as a hot or cold engine or driven both ways. |
4F30.10 |
Stirling engine |
|
Shows the standard Stirling engine, includes good animation. |
4F30.11 |
the stirling engine explained |
|
An explanation of how the Stirling engine works. Good diagrams. (We had to machine off the top half of one to convince the faculty) |
4F30.20 |
steam engine |
|
|
4F30.20 |
steam engine |
|
A small steam engine runs from a small alcohol lamp. |
4F30.20 |
steam engine |
|
A small steam engine powers a small electric generator. |
4F30.22 |
room temperature steam engine |
|
Place an inflated balloon on the end of a capped copper tube and immerse the tube in liquid N2. Place a weight the collapsed balloon and it will rise when the balloon warms up. |
4F30.25 |
Liquid nitrogen engine |
|
Convert a small steam engine to run on liquid nitrogen. |
4F30.25 |
liquid air steam engine |
|
Run a model steam engine by connecting a test tube of liquid air to the boiler. |
4F30.30 |
Hilsh tube |
|
|
4F30.30 |
Hilsh tube |
|
|
4F30.31 |
model steam engine |
|
Picture of a model steam engine. |
4F30.35 |
compressed air engine |
|
The parts of a steam engine that runs on compressed air. |
4F30.40 |
refrigerator |
|
|
4F30.50 |
engine models |
|
Models of different engines are shown. |
4F30.52 |
model gasoline engine |
|
A picture of a model gasoline engine. |
4F30.55 |
air/ocean uniform temperature engine |
|
An experimental engine that shows that it is possible to extract heat from a nonhomogeneous uniform temperature reservoir. The humidity must be less than 100% as evaporative cooling is used. |
4F30.56 |
ratchet and pawl model |
|
Use of a ratchet and pawl model to discuss the second law. Diagram, Construction details in appendix, p.1287. |
4F30.60 |
Nitinol engine |
|
|
4F30.60 |
Nitinol engine |
|
|
4F30.60 |
Nitinol engine comments |
|
Comments on AJP 52(12),1144 taking issue with several points. |
4F30.60 |
Nitinol engine |
|
Short thermodynamic discussion of the Nitinol engine. |
4F30.70 |
rubber band engine |
|
|
4F30.70 |
rubber band motor |
|
A wheel with rubber band spokes turns when heated locally with a spotlight. |
4F30.70 |
rubber band motor |
|
The spokes of a bicycle wheel are replaced with rubber bands and a heat lamp is focused on one area causing the bands to contract at that point. Pictures. |
4F30.71 |
rubber band motor thermodynamics |
|
An analysis of the thermodynamics of a simple rubber band heat engine. |
4F30.76 |
optimizing the rubber-band engine |
|
An appropriate choice of dimensions maximizes the torque of an Archibald rubber-band heat engine. Plenty of analysis. |
4F30.90 |
Buchner diagram extensions |
|
Comments extending the Buchner diagram to irreversible systems. |
4F30.91 |
Bucher diagrams |
|
A new diagram of the Carnot cycle to replace the pipeline diagram. |
4F30.95 |
Carnot cycle diagrams |
|
A set of thirty different Carnot cycle diagrams. |