Entropy and the Second Law
PIRA classification 4F
Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet. |
4F10. Entropy
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Subsets |
Abstract |
4F10.00 |
Entropy |
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4F10.10 |
time reversal |
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4F10.10 |
time reversal |
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An ink column in glycerine between two concentric rotating cylinders appears to mix and unmix. |
4F10.10 |
unmixing demonstration |
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The area between coaxial cylinders is filled with a Newtonian fluid and a suitable tracer. When the inner cylinder is rotated, the tracer appears to be mixed but is distributed in a fine one armed spiral sheet. Reversing the direction of inner cylinder rotation will cause the original tracer pattern to reappear. |
4F10.10 |
order and disorder |
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Ink seems to be mixed in glycerine but can be unmixed. |
4F10.10 |
un-mixing |
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Glycerine between two concentric cylinders. Animation. |
4F10.11 |
capacitor charging entropy change |
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A simple demonstration-experiment that measures the difference in change of temperature due to charging a capacitor in many steps or one step. |
4F10.20 |
balls in a pan |
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4F10.20 |
balls in a pan |
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Three red balls and three yellow balls are mixed in a pan. |
4F10.25 |
communication time and entropy |
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Demonstrate entropy with the time it takes a student to communicate the structure of ordered and disordered playing cards, and a salt crystal model, etc. |
4F10.30 |
Hilsh tube |
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4F10.30 |
Hilsh tube |
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4F10.30 |
Hilsch tube |
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The Hilsch tube is a sort of double vortex that separates hot and cold air. |
4F10.40 |
dust explosion |
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4F10.40 |
dust explosion |
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4F10.40 |
dust explosions |
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Disperse dust in a can with a squeeze bulb and use a spark to set off the explosion. |
4F10.40 |
dust explosion |
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Blow a teaspoon of lycopodium powder into a covered can that contains a lighted candle inside. |
4F10.40 |
dust explosion |
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Blow lycopodium powder into a can containing a candle. |
4F10.45 |
gas explosion |
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Fill a can that has a hole on top and bottom with illuminating gas and light the top hole. The flame burns low and then the can explodes. |
4F30. Heat Cycles
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Subsets |
Abstract |
4F30.00 |
Heat Cycles |
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4F30.01 |
Hero's engine |
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see 3C55.35 |
4F30.01 |
drinking bird |
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see 4E31.20 |
4F30.10 |
Stirling engine |
pira200 |
Show both a working Stirling engine and a cutaway model. |
4F30.10 |
Stirling hot air engine |
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A Stirling hot air engine. |
4F30.10 |
hot air engine |
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Pictures and diagram of a hot air engine that can be run as a hot or cold engine or driven both ways. |
4F30.10 |
Stirling engine |
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Shows the standard Stirling engine, includes good animation. |
4F30.11 |
the stirling engine explained |
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An explanation of how the Stirling engine works. Good diagrams. (We had to machine off the top half of one to convince the faculty) |
4F30.20 |
steam engine |
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4F30.20 |
steam engine |
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A small steam engine runs from a small alcohol lamp. |
4F30.20 |
steam engine |
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A small steam engine powers a small electric generator. |
4F30.22 |
room temperature steam engine |
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Place an inflated balloon on the end of a capped copper tube and immerse the tube in liquid N2. Place a weight the collapsed balloon and it will rise when the balloon warms up. |
4F30.25 |
Liquid nitrogen engine |
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Convert a small steam engine to run on liquid nitrogen. |
4F30.25 |
liquid air steam engine |
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Run a model steam engine by connecting a test tube of liquid air to the boiler. |
4F30.30 |
Hilsh tube |
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4F30.30 |
Hilsh tube |
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4F30.31 |
model steam engine |
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Picture of a model steam engine. |
4F30.35 |
compressed air engine |
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The parts of a steam engine that runs on compressed air. |
4F30.40 |
refrigerator |
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4F30.50 |
engine models |
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Models of different engines are shown. |
4F30.52 |
model gasoline engine |
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A picture of a model gasoline engine. |
4F30.55 |
air/ocean uniform temperature engine |
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An experimental engine that shows that it is possible to extract heat from a nonhomogeneous uniform temperature reservoir. The humidity must be less than 100% as evaporative cooling is used. |
4F30.56 |
ratchet and pawl model |
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Use of a ratchet and pawl model to discuss the second law. Diagram, Construction details in appendix, p.1287. |
4F30.60 |
Nitinol engine |
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4F30.60 |
Nitinol engine |
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4F30.60 |
Nitinol engine comments |
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Comments on AJP 52(12),1144 taking issue with several points. |
4F30.60 |
Nitinol engine |
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Short thermodynamic discussion of the Nitinol engine. |
4F30.70 |
rubber band engine |
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4F30.70 |
rubber band motor |
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A wheel with rubber band spokes turns when heated locally with a spotlight. |
4F30.70 |
rubber band motor |
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The spokes of a bicycle wheel are replaced with rubber bands and a heat lamp is focused on one area causing the bands to contract at that point. Pictures. |
4F30.71 |
rubber band motor thermodynamics |
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An analysis of the thermodynamics of a simple rubber band heat engine. |
4F30.76 |
optimizing the rubber-band engine |
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An appropriate choice of dimensions maximizes the torque of an Archibald rubber-band heat engine. Plenty of analysis. |
4F30.90 |
Buchner diagram extensions |
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Comments extending the Buchner diagram to irreversible systems. |
4F30.91 |
Bucher diagrams |
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A new diagram of the Carnot cycle to replace the pipeline diagram. |
4F30.95 |
Carnot cycle diagrams |
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A set of thirty different Carnot cycle diagrams. |