Differences between revisions 5 and 36 (spanning 31 versions)

Relative Motion

PIRA classification 1E

26 Demonstrations listed of which 20 are grayed out.

Grayed out demonstrations are not available or within our archive and are under consideration to be added.

1E10. Moving Reference Frames

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Subsets	Abstract
1E10.10 or 1C10.10	Bulldozer_on_Moving_Sheet	pira200	A bulldozer powered by an electric motor moves in the same or opposite direction as the sheet which is moves beneath it to show Relative Motion in the content of addition and subtraction of velocities.
1E10.15	Moving Blackboard		Using a large movable reference frame on wheels and a walking student, equations of relative speed can be deduced by non-science majors.
1E10.20	Frames of Reference Film	pira200	The classic 1950s film is available on DVD, VHS and 16mm film. (Approx. 30min), archive of film
1E10.31	Stick on the Caterpillar		A small stick placed on the top tread of a toy caterpillar moves twice as fast as the toy.

1E20. Rotating Reference Frames

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Subsets	Abstract
1E20.09	Foucault Pendulum - "Model"		A pendulum is allowed to swing freely on a table that you can rotate by hand, slowly, to show the motion of a Foucault Pendulum from a non-inertial frame. Note the plan in which the pendulum swings doesn't rotate with the table.
1E20.10	Foucault Pendulum		A ceiling mounted Foucault pendulum swings freely. Note the line along which the pendulum swings at the beginning of class. Later on, noting that the line is different highlights the fact that the Earth is rotating.
1E20.11	Short Foucault Pendulum		A 70cm pendulum uses a method of nullifying the precession which is due to ellipticity.
1E20.19	General and Historical Article		Discuss a current murder mystery novel and some history of Foucault's work.
1E20.20	Foucault Pendulum on a Turntable		A pendulum is mounted on a rotating turntable.
1E20.21	Rotating Frame		A monkey puppet sits on a rotating reference frame to help the student visualize a non-inertial frame.
1E20.22	Foucault Pendulum Trace		Have a student sit on a rotating chair with a table on his lap. A pendulum releasing ink marks a clear pattern on the paper.
1E20.26	Geometric Model		A geometric model helps correct some common misconceptions about the plane of oscillation of the Foucault pendulum.
1E20.27	Foucault Pendulum Diagram		A diagram shows the variation of a Foucault pendulum's precession with latitude on Earth.
1E20.50	Rotating Platform		A rotating room that seats four at a table, and has four possible speeds.
1E20.50	Catch on a Rotating Platform		Students try to play catch on a large rotating platform.
1E20.51	Rotating Coordinate Frame Visualization		Experiments performed on a rotating frame are projected onto a screen through a rotating dove prism. Centrifugal force, Coriolis force, angular acceleration, cyclones and anticyclones, Foucault pendulum can be demonstrated.

1E30. Coriolis Effect

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Subsets	Abstract
1E30.10	Draw the Coriolis Curve - Vertical		Mount a rotating disk vertically, drive a pen on a cart at constant velocity in front of the disk, drawing the Coriolis curve on the disk. The speeds of the disk and cart are variable.
1E30.20	Coriolis Gun		A clamped dart gun is fired by an instructor sitting on a revolving chair into a target board.
1E30.20	Coriolis Gun		A spring gun at the center of a rotating table fires into a target at the edge. View it from the top.
1E30.21	Walking on a Merry-Go-Round		Go to a merry-go-round or use a large rotating platform and walk on it. You will feel a very strange "force".
1E30.24	Spinning Coriolis Globe		A ball on a string is threaded through the pole of a globe. Set the globe spinning and pull on the string to see the ball move to higher latitudes.
1E30.26	Coriolis Dish and TV		A ball oscillates in a spherical dish at rest, and follows various curved paths when the dish is rotated at different speeds. A TV camera is mounted to the rotating frame.
1E30.27	Coriolis Rotating Platform and TV		A puck is launched on a rotating platform and the motion is followed with a TV camera.
1E30.28	Ball on Turntable		Roll a ball across a slowly rotating turntable.
1E30.30	Leaky Bucket on Turntable		A can with a hole is mounted above a rotating table. As the table turns, the stream of water is deflected. It leaves a trail on the turntable that can be analyzed after.
1E30.33	Coriolis Trajectory		Roll a ball across a slowly rotating turntable, and have the ball trace out its path, by rolling it through dust, or coating it in ink or something similar.
1E30.35	Rotating Water Flow Table		Food coloring used to mark flow is introduced at the edges of a circular rotating tank of water with a drain in the center. An overhead camera rotates with the tank to show the motion within the rotating frame.

Demonstrations

Home

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+||<25%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">[[PiraScheme#Mechanics|Table of Mechanics]] ||<25%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">[[MotionIn2D|Mechanics (1D): Motion in Two Dimensions]] ||<25%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">[[Newtons1STLaw|Mechanics (1F): Newton's First Law]] ||<25%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">[[Demonstrations|Lecture Demonstrations]] ||
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-== Relative Motion  ==
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-'''1E10. Moving Reference Frames '''
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||1E10.10||	crossing the river||	Pull a sheet of wrapping paper along the lecture bench while a toy wind up tractor crosses the paper.||
||1E10.10||	crossing the river||	A long sheet of paper (river) is pulled along the table by winding on a motorized shaft. A motorized boat is set to cross the river. Marking pens trace the paths.||
||1E10.10||	crossing the river||	A wind up toy is placed on a sheet of cardboard that is pulled along the table.||
||1E10.10||	crossing the river||	A small mechanical toy moves across a rug which is pulled down the lecture table.||
||1E10.10||	bull dozer on moving sheet (2D)||	The bulldozer moves across a sheet moving at half the speed of the bulldozer or at the same speed.||
||1E10.11||	toy tractor drive||	On using toy tractors in kinematics demonstrations.||
||1E10.15||	moving blackboard||	Using a large movable reference frame on wheels and a walking student, equations of relative speed can be deduced by non science majors.||
||1E10.20||	Frames of Reference film||	The classic film available on video disc permits use of selective parts.||
||1E10.22||	photographing relative velocity||	Toy bulldozers, blinkies, and a camera give a photographic record of relative velocities.||
||1E10.23||	Galilean relativity||	A Polaroid camera and blinky, each on a cart pushed by a toy caterpillar, show the various cases of relative motion.||
||1E10.31||	stick on the caterpillar||	A small stick placed on the top tread of a toy caterpillar moves twice as fast as the toy.||
||1E10.41||	inertial reference frames||	Two X-Y axes, one on a moving cart, and "cord" vectors are painted with fluorescent paint and viewed in black light.||
||1E10.41||	inertial reference frames||	Complicated. Look it up.||


'''1E20. Rotating Reference Frames '''
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||1E20.10||	Foucault pendulum||	A ceiling mounted pendulum swings freely. The change in path is noted at the end of the class period.||
||1E20.10||	Foucault pendulum||	Suspension for a large (120# - 36') non driven Foucault pendulum.||
||1E20.10||	Foucault pendulum||	A large pendulum hung from the ceiling swings for an hour.||
||1E20.10||	Foucault pendulum||	Optical arrangement for projecting the Foucault pendulum motion.||
||1E20.10||	Foucault pendulum||	Permanent corridor demonstration as described in Scientific American, vol 210, Feb. 64, 132-9.||
||1E20.10||	Foucault pendulum||	Look at the plane of swing at six ten minute intervals.||
||1E20.11||	short Foucault pendulum||	Pictures and a circuit diagram for a well done short Foucault pendulum.||
||1E20.11||	short Foucault pendulum||	A 70 cm pendulum with a method of nullifying the precession due to ellipticity.||
||1E20.11||	Foucault pendulum||	A Foucault pendulum driver for limited space exhibits.||
||1E20.11||	short, continuous Foucault pendulum||	Modification of the AJP 46,384 (1978) pendulum to make it portable so it can be moved into lecture rooms for demonstration.||
||1E20.11||	Foucault pendulum||	Plans for a very short (50 cm) Foucault pendulum.||
||1E20.11||	Foucault pendulum||	Several novel features that can be incorporated in the design of a short Foucault pendulum to make construction and operation relatively simple.||
||1E20.12||	time lapse Foucault cycle||	The author will provide a videotape of a complete time lapsed cycle of the Foucault pendulum filmed at the Center of Science and Industry in Columbus for preview and copying.||
||1E20.13||	Foucault pendulum||	A 2 meter Foucault pendulum with a Charron ring drive.||
||1E20.14||	Foucault pendulum||	The support wire for a 2.8 meter Foucault pendulum is lengthened by heating at the end of each swing.||
||1E20.14||	Foucault pendulum||	Foucault pendulum drive mechanisms.||
||1E20.15||	Foucault pendulum drive||	An electromagnet is placed below the equilibrium position of the bob. Circuit for the drive is given.||
||1E20.16||	Foucault pendulum||	An optical projection system to show the deflection of a Foucault pendulum after 100 oscillations.||
||1E20.16||	Foucault pendulum||	General text about the Foucault pendulum.||
||1E20.19||	Foucault pendulum - Onnes experiment||	A review of Onnes' analysis that led to the first properly functioning Foucault pendulum. More stuff.||
||1E20.19||	general and historical article||	Some discussion of a current murder novel, some history of Foucault's work, etc.||
||1E20.20||	Foucault pendulum model||	A pendulum is mounted on a rotating turntable.||
||1E20.20||	Foucault pendulum model, etc||	Build a simple model of the Foucault pendulum and demonstrate the Coriolis effect by the curved trace method.||
||1E20.20||	Foucault pendulum model||	A simple pendulum supported above the center of a turntable.||
||1E20.20||	Foucault pendulum model||	A simple pendulum hanging from a rotating platform.||
||1E20.20||	Foucault pendulum model||	Picture of a nice Foucault pendulum model.||
||1E20.21||	rotating frame||	A monkey puppet sits on a rotating reference frame to help the student visualize a non-inertial frame.||
||1E20.22||	Foucault pendulum model||	Sit on a rotating chair with a table on your lab. A pendulum releasing ink marks a clear pattern on the paper.||
||1E20.26||	geometric model||	A geometrical model helps correct some common misconceptions about the plane of oscillation of the Foucault pendulum.||
||1E20.27||	Foucault pendulum||	Excellent diagram explaining the variation of rotation of the Foucault pendulum with latitude||
||1E20.28||	Foucault pendulum precession||	Derivation of the Foucault pendulum period shows that no correction factor is needed for (1 m) lengths. Contradicts C.L.Strong, Sci.Am. 210,136 (1964).||
||1E20.30||	Foucault pendulum latitude model||	A vibrating elastic steel wire pendulum demonstrates how the rotation of the plane of oscillation depends on the latitude.||
||1E20.35||	Foucault pendulum latitude model||	A ball on rod pendulum set at 45 degrees latitude can be driven by a solenoid inside the globe.||
||1E20.35||	Foucault pendulum model||	An electromagnet inside a globe drives a small pendulum at a selected latitude. Construction details p.592.||
||1E20.40||	Theory and two demonstrations||	The concept of a locally inertial frame is used to study motion in accelerated frames. Two demonstrations are presented.||
||1E20.50||	rotating room||	Design for a rotating room that seats four at a table, and has four possible speeds.||
||1E20.50||	motion room||	A rotating motion room that holds four students.||
||1E20.50||	catch on a rotating platform||	Students try to play catch on a large rotating system. Other possibilities for the apparatus are discussed.||
||1E20.51||	rotating coordinate frame visualizer||	Experiments performed on a rotating frame are projected onto a screen through a rotating dove prism. Centrifugal force, Coriolis force, angular acceleration, cyclones and anticyclones, Foucault pendulum, etc.||


'''1E30. Coriolis Effect '''
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||1E30.10||	draw the Coriolis curve - vertical||	Mount a rotating disk vertically, drive a pen on a cart at constant velocity in front of the disk. The speeds of the disk and cart are variable.||
||1E30.11||	draw the Coriolis curve||	Place a poster board circle on a turntable move a magic marker across in a straight line.||
||1E30.11||	draw the curve||	Move a magic marker in a straight line across a rotating disc.||
||1E30.11||	draw the curve||	A cart on a track with a marker passes in front of and draws on a large disc that can be rotated.||
||1E30.12||	Coriolis ink drop letter||	AJP 50(4),381 should have referenced AJP 27(6),429.||
||1E30.12||	Coriolis||	Turn a nearly vertical sheet as a drop of ink is running down it.||
||1E30.13||	Coriolis machine||	A clear plastic disk is placed over a inertial reference frame marked with a constant velocity path. Draw marks on the plastic disk while turning through equal angles.||
||1E30.14||	Coriolis spark trace||	The PSSC air puck is used to give a spark trace on a rotating table.||
||1E30.20||	Coriolis gun||	A spring loaded gun at the center of a 4' disc is shot at a target first at rest and then while spinning.||
||1E30.20||	Coriolis gun||	A clamped dart gun is fired by an instructor sitting on a revolving chair into a target board.||
||1E30.20||	Coriolis gun||	A spring gun at the center of a rotating table fires into a target at the edge.||
||1E30.21||	Coriolis||	Go to a merry-go-round and walk on it. You will feel a very strange "force".||
||1E30.24||	spinning Coriolis globe||	A ball on a string is threaded through the pole of a spinning globe. Pull on the string and the ball moves to higher latitudes and crosses the latitude lines.||
||1E30.26||	Coriolis dish and TV||	A ball oscillates in a spherical dish at rest, and follows various curved paths when the dish is rotated at different speeds. A TV camera is mounted to the rotating frame. More.||
||1E30.27||	Coriolis rotating platform and tv||	A puck is launched on a rotating platform and the motion is followed with a TV
1E30.28	Coriolis effect	Roll a ball across a slowly rotating turntable.||
||1E30.30||	leaky bucket on turntable||	A can with a hole is mounted above a rotating table. As the table turns, the stream of water is deflected.||
||1E30.32||	drop ball on turntable||	A mass falls on a disc first while it is rotating and then when it is stationary. Difference in point of impact is noted.||
||1E30.33||	Coriolis trajectory||	A ball describing an arc is released first in a stationary coordination system and then in a rotating system.||
||1E30.34||	Coriolis water table||	A flat board rotates in a horizontal plane with a flexible tube full of flowing water running lengthwise. The tube deflects upon rotation.||
||1E30.34||	Coriolis water table||	A flexible rubber tube with water flowing in it is stretched across a disc which can be rotated. The tube deflects when rotated.||
||1E30.34||	Coriolis water table||	A flexible rubber tube with water flowing in it is stretched across a disc which can be rotated. The tube deflects.||
||1E30.35||	rotating water flow table||	Food coloring used to mark flow is introduced at the edges of a circular rotating tank with a center drain hole. A rotating overhead TV camera allows motion in the rotating frame to be viewed.||
||1E30.36||	Coriolis||	A pan of water on a turntable has a recirculating pump with an inlet and exit of opposite sides of the pan. Floats above these areas rotate in opposite directions as the pan of water is spun.||
||1E30.50||	rotating TV camera||	||
||1E30.51||	rotating TV camera||	A TV camera is rotated in front of an oscilloscope displaying a slow ellipse. Vary the camera rotation.
1E30.61	vacuum cleaner	Cover the exhaust of an old vacuum: the current decreases as the RPM increases. Demonstrates transformation of vectors from a moving coordinate system to a rest frame. In one frame the torque does no work, in the other with open exhaust torque is responsible for the entire power.||
||1E30.71||	spinning dancer - Coriolis analysis||	The spinning dancer, usually treated as an angular momentum problem, is used as a Coriolis example.||
+Demonstrations listed of which 20 are grayed out.
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||<10%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;  &amp; quot; &quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;  &amp; quot; &quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''Abstract''' ||
||1E10.10 or 1C10.10 ||[[Bulldozer_on_Moving_Sheet]] ||pira200 ||A bulldozer powered by an electric motor moves in the same or opposite direction as the sheet which is moves beneath it to show Relative Motion in the content of addition and subtraction of velocities. ||
||<#dddddd>1E10.15 ||<#dddddd>Moving Blackboard ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Using a large movable reference frame on wheels and a walking student, equations of relative speed can be deduced by non-science majors. ||
||1E10.20 ||[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y75kEf8xLxI&list=PLC8BD428A83A56B34&index=14&feature=plpp_video|Frames of Reference Film]] ||pira200 ||The classic 1950s film is available on DVD, VHS and 16mm film. (Approx. 30min), [[http://archive.org/details/FramesOfReference|archive]] of film ||
||1E10.31 ||Stick on the Caterpillar || ||A small stick placed on the top tread of a toy caterpillar moves twice as fast as the toy. ||


<<Anchor(RotRefFrames)>>

= 1E20. Rotating Reference Frames =
||<10%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;  &amp; quot; &quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;  &amp; quot; &quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''Abstract''' ||
||1E20.09 ||[[FoucaultPendulumModel|Foucault Pendulum - "Model"]] || ||A pendulum is allowed to swing freely on a table that you can rotate by hand, slowly, to show the motion of a Foucault Pendulum  from a non-inertial frame. Note the plan in which the pendulum swings doesn't rotate with the table. ||
||1E20.10 ||[[FoucaultPendulum|Foucault Pendulum]] || ||A ceiling mounted Foucault pendulum swings freely. Note the line along which the pendulum swings at the beginning of class. Later on, noting that the line is different highlights the fact that the Earth is rotating. ||
||<#dddddd>1E20.11 ||<#dddddd>Short Foucault Pendulum ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A 70cm pendulum uses a method of nullifying the precession which is due to ellipticity. ||
||1E20.19 ||General and Historical Article || ||Discuss a current murder mystery novel and some history of Foucault's work. ||
||1E20.20 ||Foucault Pendulum on a Turntable || ||A pendulum is mounted on a rotating turntable. ||
||<#dddddd>1E20.21 ||<#dddddd>Rotating Frame ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A monkey puppet sits on a rotating reference frame to help the student visualize a non-inertial frame. ||
||<#dddddd>1E20.22 ||<#dddddd>Foucault Pendulum Trace ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Have a student sit on a rotating chair with a table on his lap. A pendulum releasing ink marks a clear pattern on the paper. ||
||<#dddddd>1E20.26 ||<#dddddd>Geometric Model ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A geometric model helps correct some common misconceptions about the plane of oscillation of the Foucault pendulum. ||
||<#dddddd>1E20.27 ||<#dddddd>Foucault Pendulum Diagram ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A diagram shows the variation of a Foucault pendulum's precession with latitude on Earth. ||
||<#dddddd>1E20.50 ||<#dddddd>Rotating Platform ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A rotating room that seats four at a table, and has four possible speeds. ||
||<#dddddd>1E20.50 ||<#dddddd>Catch on a Rotating Platform ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Students try to play catch on a large rotating platform. ||
||<#dddddd>1E20.51 ||<#dddddd>Rotating Coordinate Frame Visualization ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Experiments performed on a rotating frame are projected onto a screen through a rotating dove prism. Centrifugal force, Coriolis force, angular acceleration, cyclones and anticyclones, Foucault pendulum can be demonstrated. ||


<<Anchor(CoriolisEffect)>>

= 1E30. Coriolis Effect =
||<10%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;  &amp; quot; &quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;  &amp; quot; &quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60%  style="&quot; &amp; quot;  &amp; amp;  quot;text-align:center&amp; amp;  quot;   &amp; quot;  &quot; ">'''Abstract''' ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.10 ||<#dddddd>Draw the Coriolis Curve - Vertical ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Mount a rotating disk vertically, drive a pen on a cart at constant velocity in front of the disk, drawing the Coriolis curve on the disk. The speeds of the disk and cart are variable. ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.20 ||<#dddddd>Coriolis Gun ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A clamped dart gun is fired by an instructor sitting on a revolving chair into a target board. ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.20 ||<#dddddd>Coriolis Gun ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A spring gun at the center of a rotating table fires into a target at the edge. View it from the top. ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.21 ||<#dddddd>Walking on a Merry-Go-Round ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Go to a merry-go-round or use a large rotating platform and walk on it. You will feel a very strange "force". ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.24 ||<#dddddd>Spinning Coriolis Globe ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A ball on a string is threaded through the pole of a globe. Set the globe spinning and pull on the string to see the ball move to higher latitudes. ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.26 ||<#dddddd>Coriolis Dish and TV ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A ball oscillates in a spherical dish at rest, and follows various curved paths when the dish is rotated at different speeds. A TV camera is mounted to the rotating frame. ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.27 ||<#dddddd>Coriolis Rotating Platform and TV ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A puck is launched on a rotating platform and the motion is followed with a TV camera. ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.28 ||<#dddddd>Ball on Turntable ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Roll a ball across a slowly rotating turntable. ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.30 ||<#dddddd>Leaky Bucket on Turntable ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>A can with a hole is mounted above a rotating table. As the table turns, the stream of water is deflected. It leaves a trail on the turntable that can be analyzed after. ||
||<#dddddd>1E30.33 ||<#dddddd>Coriolis Trajectory ||<#dddddd> ||<#dddddd>Roll a ball across a slowly rotating turntable, and have the ball trace out its path, by rolling it through dust, or coating it in ink or something similar. ||
||1E30.35 ||Rotating Water Flow Table || ||Food coloring used to mark flow is introduced at the edges of a circular rotating tank of water with a drain in the center. An overhead camera rotates with the tank to show the motion within the rotating frame. ||


[[Demonstrations]]

[[Instructional|Home]]

fw: Diff for "RelativeMotion"

Relative Motion

1E10. Moving Reference Frames

1E20. Rotating Reference Frames

1E30. Coriolis Effect