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||<#dddddd> Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet.|| = 7A10. Photoelectric Effect = ||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''|| || 7A10.10 || photoelectric effect in zinc || Use UV light to discharge a clean zinc plate mounted on an electroscope. || || 7A10.10 || discharging zinc plate || Discharge a clean zinc plate mounted on an electroscope with UV light. || || 7A10.10 || photoelectric effect || Discharge a zinc plate on an electroscope with UV light. || || 7A10.10 || discharging zinc plate || A clean zinc plate mounted on a charged electroscope discharges an electroscope when the light source is not covered with glass. || || 7A10.10 || surface photoelectric effect || UV light shines on a zinc plate on an electroscope. More. || || 7A10.10 || the photoelectric effect || Discharge a zinc plate on an electroscope. || || 7A10.10 || photoelectric effect in zinc || Zinc plate on an electroscope, charged negative, glass UV barrier. || || 7A10.12 || photoelectric charging || Same as AJP 33(9),746. || || 7A10.12 || photoelectric charging || Additions to the AJP 33,746 (1965) article. || || 7A10.12 || photoelectric charging || Hold a positively charged object next to the zinc plate on an uncharged electroscope while illuminating it with an UV light. The electroscope will charge positively. || || 7A10.15 || discovery of photoelectric effect || A spark passes between two zinc electrodes attached to a 15 KV transformer when UV light is present. || || 7A10.17 || photoelectric effect with geiger ctr || Conversion of photons to electrons in lead foil. || || 7A10.20 || photoelectric effect with prism || Project different parts of the spectra onto a zinc plate on a charged electroscope. || || 7A10.23 || photoelectric effect circuit || A photoelectric effect apparatus based on the AD 515 electrometer op amp allows relatively inexpensive and easy direct measurement of the photopotential between anode and photocathode. || || 7A10.24 || photoelectric effect circuits || Very cheap current detector substitutes. || || 7A10.26 || photoelectric effect circuit || Single transistor circuit for use with RCA 929 phototube. || || 7A10.26 || photoelectric effect circuit || An op-amp circuit for a 1P39 or similar phototube. || || 7A10.27 || photoelectric effect circuit || A helpful article on stopping potential with all the basic vital information, e.g., the wavelengths of the spectral lines of mercury, and featuring a transistorized current amplifier. || || 7A10.28 || photoelectric effect circuit || Circuit diagram for an amplifier for use with the 1P39 tube. || || 7A10.30 || stopping potential || Measure the stopping potential of different colored light with a 1P39 phototube. Use interference filters at 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 nm. || || 7A10.30 || stopping potential || Equipment and circuit diagrams for stopping potential demonstration. || || 7A10.30 || stopping potential || Simple apparatus based on the 929 phototube. Several demonstrations and discussion sections for studying the photoelectric effect and measuring Planck's constant. || || 7A10.30 || stopping potential || Measure the stopping potential of the line of the mercury spectrum with a phototube. || || 7A10.30 || stopping potential || A mercury arc lamp is used with filters giving passbands of one spectral line onto the cathode of a 1P39 phototube. || || 7A10.30 || stopping potential || The potential in the collector is changed while measuring the current under different colored light. || || 7A10.31 || stopping potential error || A widespread error in elementary texts on the stopping potential. || || 7A10.35 || photoelectric threshold || Rotate the spectrum across a zinc plate until the current rises sharply. || || 7A10.35 || photoelectric threshold || The photoelectric threshold demonstrator consists of a projected spectrum, a sample holder, and a translucent screen. || || 7A10.35 || phototube and electrometer || A 929 phototube is connected to a electrometer and the voltage observed while sweeping the tube across a projected spectrum. || || 7A10.35 || photoelectric threshold || Measure the current from a photocell exposed to different colored light. || || 7A10.36 || photoconductivity || A photocell is passed through the spectrum while resistance is measured. || || 7A10.37 || photoelectric charging of a capacito || A double pole, double throw switch connects a vacuum phototube to a capacitor, then a galvanometer while different lamps shine on the phototube. || || 7A10.38 || alkali metal photocell || A simple circuit for showing photoelectric current. || || 7A10.40 || barrier-layer cells || Measure the current from a cell of the type used in foot candle meters. || || 7A10.40 || sun batteries || This must be a photocell connected to an ammeter. || || 7A10.40 || solar cells || Shine a bright light on selenium solar cells and run a small motor. || || 7A10.41 || ring a bell || Shine a light on a photoelectric cell to ring a bell. || || 7A10.42 || photo-voltaic switch || Turn on a light using a light beam and photo-voltaic cell. || || 7A10.43 || photo detector || Modulate a light and use a photo detector and amplifier with a speaker. || || 7A10.50 || photo conduction vs. thermopile || || || 7A10.50 || photoconduction vs. thermopile || A CdS photocell and thermopile. are moved across a projected spectrum and the outputs compared for frequency response. || || 7A10.60 || carrier recombination and lifetime || A photoconductor is strobed and the output observed on an oscilloscope. || || 7A10.71 || sodium photoelectric cell || On making a sodium photoelectric cell. || || 7A10.72 || commercial vacuum photocells || Discussion of low cost ceasium-on-oxidized-silver photocells. || || 7A10.73 || commercial gas-filled photocells || The characteristics of argon filled photocells. || || 7A10.74 || selenium photoconductor || Directions for making a selenium photoconductor. || || 7A10.76 || making photoconductors || Directions for preparing cadmium sulfide surfaces. || || 7A10.99 || photochemical reaction || A mixture of hydrogen and chlorine is set off by a light flash. || = 7A15.Millikan Oil Drop = ||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''|| || 7A20.10 || Compton effect on MCA || Same as AJP 52(2)183. || || 7A20.10 || simple Compton effect || Use a multichannel analyzer to observe the normal Compton edge while the source and detector are isolated. Bring aluminum and lead blocks nearby and observe the backscattered peaks. || || 7A20.15 || Compton scattering with turntable || A shielded source faces a scatterer with a scintillator rotating around at various angles. Pictures. || || 7A20.20 || x-ray Compton scattering || An x-ray beam strikes an aluminum plate at 45 degrees and the beam is scattered into an ionization chamber while a copper plate is inserted into the beam before and after scattering. || = 7A50. Wave Mechanics = ||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''|| || 7A15.10 || Millikan oil drop experiment || The small Millikan chamber and telescope. || || 7A15.10 || Millikan oil drop || The real experiment and an animated sequence explaining the apparatus. || || 7A15.11 || Millikan oil drop illuminator || A microscope lamp makes an excellent illuminator for the oil drop experiment. || || 7A15.11 || Millikan - laser illumination || Replace the light in the Welch apparatus with a laser. || || 7A15.12 || Pasco apparatus - evaluation || Problems with the Pasco apparatus. || || 7A15.12 || Millikan oil drop suggestions || Three suggestions for the Pasco apparatus. || || 7A15.13 || Millikan oil drop - change charge || Put a quartz lamp between the plates. || || 7A15.13 || Millikan oil drop charge change || The spark from a small tesla coil is used to change the charge on the drops. || || 7A15.14 || drop discriminator and ionizer || Modification to introduce drops into the apparatus. || || 7A15.20 || Millikan oil drop model || || || 7A15.20 || Millikan oil drop with soap bubble || Blow a soap bubble on a sleeve attached to an electrostatic generator. || || 7A15.21 || Millikan oil drop model - glass bead || Tiny glass balls are levitated in this model of Millikan's experiment. || || 7A15.25 || model of Millikan oil drop experimen || Place a balloon between two large metal plates attached to a Wimshurst. || || 7A15.25 || Millikan oil drop large version || A small light foam plastic ball is the drop between parallel plates in this scaled up oil drop demonstration. || || 7A15.25 || model oil-drop experiment || Balance a ping pong ball between two charged plates. || || 7A15.40 || air drop in a field || Apparent violation of Earnshaw's theorem when a float moves towards a field minimum. || = 7A55. Wave Particle Duality = ||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''|| || 7A50.10 || frustrated total internal reflection || A review of the history and theory. Pellin-Broca prisms eliminate reflection losses when measurements are taken. || || 7A50.10 || frustrated total internal reflection || Squeeze two right angle prisms together with a "c" clamp while directing a beam of light at the interface. || || 7A50.10 || optical barrier penetration || A Laboratory setup of optical barrier penetration. || || 7A50.10 || barrier penetration || Frustrated total internal reflection with light and glass prisms demonstrates barrier penetration. || || 7A50.11 || almost total reflection || Use a plano-convex lens between the prisms and laser beam illumination. || || 7A50.12 || frustrated total internal reflection || A good note on frustrated total internal reflection and other accompanying physics. || || 7A50.15 || tunnel effect || Rocksalt prisms with gaps of 5 microns and 15 microns show transmission of IR to a thermopile. in one case only. || || 7A50.20 || microwave barrier penetration || Two right angle paraffin prisms are used with 3 cm microwaves to demonstrate barrier penetration. || || 7A50.20 || optical and microwave penetration || Two detectors are used in both optical and microwave barrier penetration to quantitatively show the reflected and transmitted beams. || || 7A50.20 || frustrated total internal reflection || Demonstrate frustrated total internal reflection using microwaves and two right angle paraffin prisms. Pictures, Reference: AJP 31(10),808. || || 7A50.20 || microwave barrier penetration || Microwaves are totally reflected off a plastic prism until another is touching the first. || || 7A50.21 || microwave tunnel effect || A waveguide transmission line with three dielectric regions driven at 5 GHz. || || 7A50.21 || microwave tunnel effect || A microwave "potential barrier" of three sections of waveguide - with dielectric, air and again dielectric. || || 7A50.30 || vibrating soap film || Soap films are vibrated at audio frequencies to produce standing waves which are projected on a screen. || || 7A50.35 || circular Rubens tube || A 4' diameter circular Rubens flame tube demonstrates circular standing waves. Picture. || || 7A50.40 || vibrating circular wire || Excite a circular wire at audio frequencies by an electromagnet drive to produce standing waves. || || 7A50.40 || vibrating circular wire || Eigenfrequences of a 2.2" dia. wire circle are obtained by exciting with a 650 ohm relay coil. || || 7A50.40 || vibrating circular wire || A circular wire is excited at audio frequencies by an electromagnet drive to produce standing waves. Diagram, Pictures, Reference: AJP 33(10),xiv. || || 7A50.50 || uncertainty principle with E&M || Interpret the inverse relation between the pulse length of a signal on the oscilloscope and the spectral-energy density on a spectrum analyzer as a demonstration of the uncertainty principle. || || 7A50.50 || complementarity rule || Circuit for a generator that produces 1,2,4,8, or 16 pulses in a packet. Decrease in bandwidth for longer packets is evident when the Fourier power spectrum is viewed. || || 7A50.52 || electric analog circuit || A three dimensional electrical network of inductors and capacitors models energy density in three dimensions. || || 7A50.60 || photon counter - correlator || A low cost time correlator-photon counter enables demonstrations of intensity correlation function, photon-bunching, coherence time, and related topics. || || 7A50.80 || Kronig-Penny model analog computer || Diagram for an analog computer to simulate the Kronig-Penny model wave functions. || || 7A50.90 || Mermin's Bell theorem boxes || A logic circuit that makes Mermin's gedanken experiment a feasible and instructive lecture demonstration. || || 7A50.90 || noncommuting operators || Use the Abbe theory of image formation in the microscope is used to demonstrate noncommutativity. || = 7A60. X-ray and Electron Diffraction = ||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''|| || 7A60.10 || electron diffraction || Rings or spots are shown with the old Welch electron diffraction tube. || || 7A60.10 || electron diffraction || Rings or spots are shown with the old Welch electron diffraction tube. || || 7A60.10 || electron diffraction || The Meiners/Welch electron diffraction tube. Pictures, Diagram, Reference: AJP,30, ,549. || || 7A60.10 || electron diffraction || The Welch electron diffraction apparatus. || || 7A60.10 || electron diffraction || Rings are obtained from a commercial tube with a graphite target. || || 7A60.11 || electron diffraction - mult. slits || A method for making 3 micron wide slits. A schematic for the electron diffraction apparatus is given. || || 7A60.12 || tv tube electron diffraction || With the cooperation of a TV tube manufacturer, a gold foil was placed in a black and white TV tube. || || 7A60.12 || tv tube electron diffraction || Work with a local TV tube rebuilder to make an electron diffraction tube from an old TV || || 7A60.15 || Miller indices || A solid model of the cuprite crystal habit with the various Miller indices labels on the faces. || || 7A60.20 || diffraction model || || || 7A60.20 || X-ray and electron diffraction model || Generate a ring pattern by rotating fine mesh wire gauze in a point source of light. || || 7A60.21 || model Laue diffraction pattern || Direct a beam of light off a wood cylinder with radial glass vanes to a screen. || || 7A60.22 || model Laue diffraction pattern || Reflect a beam of light off a single polished rod onto a screen to illustrate Laue diffraction. || || 7A60.24 || optical analog of x-ray diffraction || Compare Fraunhofer diffraction patterns from masks containing repeating arrays of holes with x-ray diagrams. || || 7A60.26 || spherical projection model || Colored dots on the surface of a Lucite sphere represent the projection of the spots as if a single crystal was irritated at the center of spherical film. || || 7A60.27 || blocking patterns in crystal latices || Take a model of a crystal, replace an atom with a point source such as a flashlight battery, project the shadow pattern on a screen. || || 7A60.28 || bent crystal spectrometer model || A model of the Caushois bent crystal spectrometer using a beam of light and a stack of microscope slides. || || 7A60.30 || electron "Poisson spot" || Fresnel zones and the "Poisson spot" with electrons using an electron microscope with a good deal of historical development. || || 7A60.40 || field emission electron microscope || Use a simplified high voltage generator with the Leybold field emission electron microscope. || || 7A60.45 || simple field emission electron micro || A coin used as an electrode in a highly evacuated tube forms an image on a fluorescent screen when voltage is high enough. || || 7A60.50 || Bragg Diffraction - microwave || Apparatus Drawings Project No. 6: Three cm microwaves and a ball bearing array demonstrate crystal diffraction. Klystron source. || || 7A60.50 || microwave crystal diffraction model || Microwave diffraction is observed from a crystal model made of steel bearings mounted in a styrofoam cube. || || 7A60.50 || microwave Bragg diffraction || Lattices of steel ball bearings embedded in styrofoam form crystal models for microwave diffraction. || || 7A60.51 || improved Welch-Bragg mount || A parallelogram device that sweeps both arms through equal angles and has a direct reading of the sine of the angle. || || 7A60.51 || microwave crystal diffraction models || Use 1/2" brads in place of ball bearings to make the analog of polarized particles. || || 7A60.51 || microwave crystal models || Make models of crystals for microwave diffraction by inserting a No. 7 lead shot in styrofoam balls and then making models of the crystal structures. || || 7A60.60 || ripple tank - Bragg diffraction || Floating arrays of pith balls model atoms for ripple tank Bragg diffraction. Also ripple tank construction techniques. Diagrams. || || 7A60.61 || ripple tank Bragg reflection || An array of rods is used to demonstrate Bragg reflection. Picture. || || 7A60.90 || X-ray diffraction || Use a beam, rock salt, and X-ray photographic paper to show diffraction. || || 7A60.91 || x-ray diffraction || X-ray diffraction of a rock salt crystal mounted on a goniometer with GM tube detector. || || 7A60.92 || x-ray diffraction model || If you need to demonstrate the reciprocal lattice concept in relation to single-crystal x-ray diffraction patterns, this is for you. || || 7A60.95 || sample x-ray tube || Show a large x-ray tube. || = 7A70. Condensed Matter = ||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''|| || 7A70.10 || F-center diffusion || Place a small KCl crystal in a tube furnace and project the intense blue color that is injected and diffuses through the crystal when 300 V is applied. || || 7A70.15 || Josephson phenomena analog || A Pendulum analog of a small-area Josephson junction between two superconductors is coupled to the analogs of other circuit elements to demonstrate a variety of time dependent phenomena observed in actual devices. || || 7A70.20 || Josephson effect simple demo || || || 7A70.20 || flux quantization in superconductors || A induim film with lots of holes is used with a standard magnetometer. || || 7A70.30 || F-center diffusion || || || 7A70.30 || Josephson junction analog || Abstract from the 1981 apparatus competition describing an electronic circuit for demonstrating Josephson junction behavior. || || 7A70.40 || Josephson effect simple demo || Niobium wire is twisted together, varnished and built into a simple stainless tube that can be inserted into a helium dewar. I-V curves are observed on an oscilloscope. || |
||<#dddddd>Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet. || |
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[:Instructional:Home] | <<Anchor(PhotoelectricEffect)>> = 7A10. Photoelectric Effect = ||<10% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''Abstract''' || ||7A10.10 ||photoelectric effect in zinc ||pira200 ||Use UV light to discharge a negatively charged clean zinc plate mounted on an electroscope, use glass as an UV blocker. || ||7A10.12 ||photoelectric charging || ||Hold a positively charged object next to the zinc plate on an uncharged electroscope while illuminating it with an UV light. The electroscope will charge positively. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.15 ||<#cccccc>discovery of photoelectric effect ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A spark passes between two zinc electrodes attached to a 15 KV transformer when UV light is present. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.17 ||<#cccccc>photoelectric effect with geiger ctr ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Conversion of photons to electrons in lead foil. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.20 ||<#cccccc>photoelectric effect with prism ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Project different parts of the spectra onto a zinc plate on a charged electroscope. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.23 ||<#cccccc>photoelectric effect circuit ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A photoelectric effect apparatus based on the AD 515 electrometer op amp allows relatively inexpensive and easy direct measurement of the photopotential between anode and photocathode. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.24 ||<#cccccc>photoelectric effect circuits ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Very cheap current detector substitutes. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.26 ||<#cccccc>photoelectric effect circuit ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Single transistor circuit for use with RCA 929 phototube.or An op-amp circuit for a 1P39 or similar phototube. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.27 ||<#cccccc>photoelectric effect circuit ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A helpful article on stopping potential with all the basic vital information, e.g., the wavelengths of the spectral lines of mercury, and featuring a transistorized current amplifier. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.28 ||<#cccccc>photoelectric effect circuit ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Circuit diagram for an amplifier for use with the 1P39 tube. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.30 ||<#cccccc>stopping potential ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Measure the stopping potential of different colored light with a 1P39 phototube. Use interference filters at 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 nm. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.35 ||<#cccccc>photoelectric threshold ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Rotate the spectrum across a zinc plate until the current rises sharply or Measure the current from a photocell exposed to different colored light. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.36 ||<#cccccc>photoconductivity ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A photocell is passed through the spectrum while resistance is measured. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.37 ||<#cccccc>photoelectric charging of a capacito ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A double pole, double throw switch connects a vacuum phototube to a capacitor, then a galvanometer while different lamps shine on the phototube. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.38 ||<#cccccc>alkali metal photocell ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A simple circuit for showing photoelectric current. || ||7A10.40 ||solar cells || ||Shine a bright light on selenium solar cells and run a small motor or connected to an ammeter || ||<#cccccc>7A10.41 ||<#cccccc>ring a bell ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Shine a light on a photoelectric cell to ring a bell. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.42 ||<#cccccc>photo-voltaic switch ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Turn on a light using a light beam and photo-voltaic cell. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.43 ||<#cccccc>photo detector ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Modulate a light and use a photo detector and amplifier with a speaker. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.50 ||<#cccccc>photoconduction vs. thermopile ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A CdS photocell and thermopile. are moved across a projected spectrum and the outputs compared for frequency response. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.60 ||<#cccccc>carrier recombination and lifetime ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A photoconductor is strobed and the output observed on an oscilloscope. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.71 ||<#cccccc>sodium photoelectric cell ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>On making a sodium photoelectric cell. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.72 ||<#cccccc>commercial vacuum photocells ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Discussion of low cost ceasium-on-oxidized-silver photocells. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.73 ||<#cccccc>commercial gas-filled photocells ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>The characteristics of argon filled photocells. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.74 ||<#cccccc>selenium photoconductor ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Directions for making a selenium photoconductor. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.76 ||<#cccccc>making photoconductors ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Directions for preparing cadmium sulfide surfaces. || ||<#cccccc>7A10.99 ||<#cccccc>photochemical reaction ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A mixture of hydrogen and chlorine is set off by a light flash. || <<Anchor(MillikanOilDrop)>> = 7A15. Millikan Oil Drop = ||<10% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''Abstract''' || ||7A15.10 ||Millikan oil drop experiment || ||The small Millikan chamber and telescope. || ||<#cccccc>7A15.11 ||<#cccccc>Millikan - laser illumination ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Replace the light in the Welch apparatus with a laser. || ||<#cccccc>7A15.12 ||<#cccccc>Millikan oil drop suggestions ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Three suggestions for the Pasco apparatus. || ||<#cccccc>7A15.13 ||<#cccccc>Millikan oil drop - charge change ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>The spark from a small tesla coil is used to change the charge on the drops. || ||<#cccccc>7A15.14 ||<#cccccc>drop discriminator and ionizer ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Modification to introduce drops into the apparatus. || ||<#cccccc>7A15.20 ||<#cccccc>Millikan oil drop with soap bubble ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Blow a soap bubble on a sleeve attached to an electrostatic generator. || ||<#cccccc>7A15.21 ||<#cccccc>Millikan oil drop model - glass bead ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Tiny glass balls are levitated in this model of Millikan's experiment. || ||<#cccccc>7A15.25 ||<#cccccc>model of Millikan oil drop experimen ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Place a balloon between two large metal plates attached to a Wimshurst or Balance a ping pong ball between two charged plates. || ||<#cccccc>7A15.40 ||<#cccccc>air drop in a field ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Apparent violation of Earnshaw's theorem when a float moves towards a field minimum. || <<Anchor(ComptonEffect)>> = 7A20. Compton Effect = ||<10% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<60% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''Abstract''' || ||<#cccccc>7A20.10 ||<#cccccc>Compton effect ||<#cccccc>Use a multichannel analyzer to observe the normal Compton edge while the source and detector are isolated. Bring aluminum and lead blocks nearby and observe the backscattered peaks. || ||<#cccccc>7A20.15 ||<#cccccc>Compton scattering with turntable ||<#cccccc>A shielded source faces a scatterer with a scintillator rotating around at various angles. || ||<#cccccc>7A20.20 ||<#cccccc>x-ray Compton scattering ||<#cccccc>An x-ray beam strikes an aluminum plate at 45 degrees and the beam is scattered into an ionization chamber while a copper plate is inserted into the beam before and after scattering. || <<Anchor(WaveMechanics)>> = 7A50. Wave Mechanics = ||<10% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''Abstract''' || ||7A50.10 ||frustrated total internal reflection || ||A review of the history and theory. Pellin-Broca prisms eliminate reflection losses when measurements are taken. || ||7A50.10 ||frustrated total internal reflection || ||Squeeze two right angle prisms together with a "c" clamp while directing a beam of light at the interface. || ||7A50.10 ||optical barrier penetration || ||A Laboratory setup of optical barrier penetration. || ||7A50.10 ||barrier penetration || ||Frustrated total internal reflection with light and glass prisms demonstrates barrier penetration. || ||7A50.11 ||almost total reflection || ||Use a plano-convex lens between the prisms and laser beam illumination. || ||7A50.12 ||frustrated total internal reflection || ||A good note on frustrated total internal reflection and other accompanying physics. || ||7A50.15 ||tunnel effect || ||Rocksalt prisms with gaps of 5 microns and 15 microns show transmission of IR to a thermopile. in one case only. || ||7A50.20 ||microwave barrier penetration || ||Two right angle paraffin prisms are used with 3 cm microwaves to demonstrate barrier penetration. || ||7A50.20 ||optical and microwave penetration || ||Two detectors are used in both optical and microwave barrier penetration to quantitatively show the reflected and transmitted beams. || ||7A50.20 ||frustrated total internal reflection || ||Demonstrate frustrated total internal reflection using microwaves and two right angle paraffin prisms. Pictures, Reference: AJP 31(10),808. || ||7A50.20 ||microwave barrier penetration || ||Microwaves are totally reflected off a plastic prism until another is touching the first. || ||7A50.21 ||microwave tunnel effect || ||A waveguide transmission line with three dielectric regions driven at 5 GHz. || ||7A50.21 ||microwave tunnel effect || ||A microwave "potential barrier" of three sections of waveguide - with dielectric, air and again dielectric. || ||7A50.30 ||vibrating soap film || ||Soap films are vibrated at audio frequencies to produce standing waves which are projected on a screen. || ||7A50.35 ||circular Rubens tube || ||A 4' diameter circular Rubens flame tube demonstrates circular standing waves. Picture. || ||7A50.40 ||vibrating circular wire || ||Excite a circular wire at audio frequencies by an electromagnet drive to produce standing waves. || ||7A50.40 ||vibrating circular wire || ||Eigenfrequences of a 2.2" dia. wire circle are obtained by exciting with a 650 ohm relay coil. || ||7A50.40 ||vibrating circular wire ||pira200 ||A circular wire is excited at audio frequencies by an electromagnet drive to produce standing waves. Diagram, Pictures, Reference: AJP 33(10),xiv. || ||7A50.50 ||uncertainty principle with E&M || ||Interpret the inverse relation between the pulse length of a signal on the oscilloscope and the spectral-energy density on a spectrum analyzer as a demonstration of the uncertainty principle. || ||7A50.50 ||complementarity rule || ||Circuit for a generator that produces 1,2,4,8, or 16 pulses in a packet. Decrease in bandwidth for longer packets is evident when the Fourier power spectrum is viewed. || ||7A50.52 ||electric analog circuit || ||A three dimensional electrical network of inductors and capacitors models energy density in three dimensions. || ||7A50.60 ||photon counter - correlator || ||A low cost time correlator-photon counter enables demonstrations of intensity correlation function, photon-bunching, coherence time, and related topics. || ||7A50.80 ||Kronig-Penny model analog computer || ||Diagram for an analog computer to simulate the Kronig-Penny model wave functions. || ||7A50.90 ||Mermin's Bell theorem boxes || ||A logic circuit that makes Mermin's gedanken experiment a feasible and instructive lecture demonstration. || ||7A50.90 ||noncommuting operators || ||Use the Abbe theory of image formation in the microscope is used to demonstrate noncommutativity. || <<Anchor(WaveParticleDuality)>> = 7A55. Particle/Wave Duality = <<Anchor(XrayElectronDiffraction)>> = 7A60. X-ray and Electron Diffraction = ||<10% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''Abstract''' || ||7A60.10 ||electron diffraction ||pira200 ||Rings or spots are shown with the old Welch electron diffraction tube. || ||7A60.10 ||electron diffraction || ||The Meiners/Welch electron diffraction tube. Pictures, Diagram, Reference: AJP,30, ,549. || ||7A60.10 ||electron diffraction || ||The Welch electron diffraction apparatus. || ||7A60.10 ||electron diffraction || ||Rings are obtained from a commercial tube with a graphite target. || ||7A60.11 ||electron diffraction - mult. slits || ||A method for making 3 micron wide slits. A schematic for the electron diffraction apparatus is given. || ||7A60.12 ||tv tube electron diffraction || ||With the cooperation of a TV tube manufacturer, a gold foil was placed in a black and white TV tube. || ||7A60.12 ||tv tube electron diffraction || ||Work with a local TV tube rebuilder to make an electron diffraction tube from an old TV || ||7A60.15 ||Miller indices || ||A solid model of the cuprite crystal habit with the various Miller indices labels on the faces. || ||7A60.20 ||diffraction model || || || ||7A60.20 ||X-ray and electron diffraction model || ||Generate a ring pattern by rotating fine mesh wire gauze in a point source of light. || ||7A60.21 ||model Laue diffraction pattern || ||Direct a beam of light off a wood cylinder with radial glass vanes to a screen. || ||7A60.22 ||model Laue diffraction pattern || ||Reflect a beam of light off a single polished rod onto a screen to illustrate Laue diffraction. || ||7A60.24 ||optical analog of x-ray diffraction || ||Compare Fraunhofer diffraction patterns from masks containing repeating arrays of holes with x-ray diagrams. || ||7A60.26 ||spherical projection model || ||Colored dots on the surface of a Lucite sphere represent the projection of the spots as if a single crystal was irritated at the center of spherical film. || ||7A60.27 ||blocking patterns in crystal latices || ||Take a model of a crystal, replace an atom with a point source such as a flashlight battery, project the shadow pattern on a screen. || ||7A60.28 ||bent crystal spectrometer model || ||A model of the Caushois bent crystal spectrometer using a beam of light and a stack of microscope slides. || ||7A60.30 ||electron "Poisson spot" || ||Fresnel zones and the "Poisson spot" with electrons using an electron microscope with a good deal of historical development. || ||7A60.40 ||field emission electron microscope || ||Use a simplified high voltage generator with the Leybold field emission electron microscope. || ||7A60.45 ||simple field emission electron micro || ||A coin used as an electrode in a highly evacuated tube forms an image on a fluorescent screen when voltage is high enough. || ||7A60.50 ||Bragg Diffraction - microwave || ||Apparatus Drawings Project No. 6: Three cm microwaves and a ball bearing array demonstrate crystal diffraction. Klystron source. || ||7A60.50 ||microwave crystal diffraction model || ||Microwave diffraction is observed from a crystal model made of steel bearings mounted in a styrofoam cube. || ||7A60.50 ||microwave Bragg diffraction || ||Lattices of steel ball bearings embedded in styrofoam form crystal models for microwave diffraction. || ||7A60.51 ||improved Welch-Bragg mount || ||A parallelogram device that sweeps both arms through equal angles and has a direct reading of the sine of the angle. || ||7A60.51 ||microwave crystal diffraction models || ||Use 1/2" brads in place of ball bearings to make the analog of polarized particles. || ||7A60.51 ||microwave crystal models || ||Make models of crystals for microwave diffraction by inserting a No. 7 lead shot in styrofoam balls and then making models of the crystal structures. || ||7A60.60 ||ripple tank - Bragg diffraction || ||Floating arrays of pith balls model atoms for ripple tank Bragg diffraction. Also ripple tank construction techniques. Diagrams. || ||7A60.61 ||ripple tank Bragg reflection || ||An array of rods is used to demonstrate Bragg reflection. Picture. || ||7A60.90 ||X-ray diffraction || ||Use a beam, rock salt, and X-ray photographic paper to show diffraction. || ||7A60.91 ||x-ray diffraction || ||X-ray diffraction of a rock salt crystal mounted on a goniometer with GM tube detector. || ||7A60.92 ||x-ray diffraction model || ||If you need to demonstrate the reciprocal lattice concept in relation to single-crystal x-ray diffraction patterns, this is for you. || ||7A60.95 ||sample x-ray tube || ||Show a large x-ray tube. || <<Anchor(CondensedMatter)>> = 7A70. Condensed Matter = ||<10% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;">'''Subsets''' ||<60% style="& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot;text-align:center& amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; & amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; amp; quot; ">'''Abstract''' || ||<#cccccc>7A70.10 ||<#cccccc>F-center diffusion ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Place a small KCl crystal in a tube furnace and project the intense blue color that is injected and diffuses through the crystal when 300 V is applied. || ||<#cccccc>7A70.15 ||<#cccccc>Josephson phenomena analog ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A Pendulum analog of a small-area Josephson junction between two superconductors is coupled to the analogs of other circuit elements to demonstrate a variety of time dependent phenomena observed in actual devices. || ||<#cccccc>7A70.20 ||<#cccccc>flux quantization in superconductors ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>A induim film with lots of holes is used with a standard magnetometer. (Josephson effect simple demo)? || ||7A70.25 ||Quantum Levitation - Flux Pinning || ||A demonstration of levitation, suspension and movement of a superconductor (YBCO) over a magnetic track. || ||<#cccccc>7A70.30 ||<#cccccc>Josephson junction analog ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Abstract from the 1981 apparatus competition describing an electronic circuit for demonstrating Josephson junction behavior. || ||<#cccccc>7A70.40 ||<#cccccc>Josephson effect simple demo ||<#cccccc> ||<#cccccc>Niobium wire is twisted together, varnished and built into a simple stainless tube that can be inserted into a helium dewar. I-V curves are observed on an oscilloscope. || [[Demonstrations]] [[Instructional|Home]] |
Quantum Effects
PIRA classification 7A
Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet. |
7A10. Photoelectric Effect
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Subsets |
Abstract |
7A10.10 |
photoelectric effect in zinc |
pira200 |
Use UV light to discharge a negatively charged clean zinc plate mounted on an electroscope, use glass as an UV blocker. |
7A10.12 |
photoelectric charging |
|
Hold a positively charged object next to the zinc plate on an uncharged electroscope while illuminating it with an UV light. The electroscope will charge positively. |
7A10.15 |
discovery of photoelectric effect |
|
A spark passes between two zinc electrodes attached to a 15 KV transformer when UV light is present. |
7A10.17 |
photoelectric effect with geiger ctr |
|
Conversion of photons to electrons in lead foil. |
7A10.20 |
photoelectric effect with prism |
|
Project different parts of the spectra onto a zinc plate on a charged electroscope. |
7A10.23 |
photoelectric effect circuit |
|
A photoelectric effect apparatus based on the AD 515 electrometer op amp allows relatively inexpensive and easy direct measurement of the photopotential between anode and photocathode. |
7A10.24 |
photoelectric effect circuits |
|
Very cheap current detector substitutes. |
7A10.26 |
photoelectric effect circuit |
|
Single transistor circuit for use with RCA 929 phototube.or An op-amp circuit for a 1P39 or similar phototube. |
7A10.27 |
photoelectric effect circuit |
|
A helpful article on stopping potential with all the basic vital information, e.g., the wavelengths of the spectral lines of mercury, and featuring a transistorized current amplifier. |
7A10.28 |
photoelectric effect circuit |
|
Circuit diagram for an amplifier for use with the 1P39 tube. |
7A10.30 |
stopping potential |
|
Measure the stopping potential of different colored light with a 1P39 phototube. Use interference filters at 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 nm. |
7A10.35 |
photoelectric threshold |
|
Rotate the spectrum across a zinc plate until the current rises sharply or Measure the current from a photocell exposed to different colored light. |
7A10.36 |
photoconductivity |
|
A photocell is passed through the spectrum while resistance is measured. |
7A10.37 |
photoelectric charging of a capacito |
|
A double pole, double throw switch connects a vacuum phototube to a capacitor, then a galvanometer while different lamps shine on the phototube. |
7A10.38 |
alkali metal photocell |
|
A simple circuit for showing photoelectric current. |
7A10.40 |
solar cells |
|
Shine a bright light on selenium solar cells and run a small motor or connected to an ammeter |
7A10.41 |
ring a bell |
|
Shine a light on a photoelectric cell to ring a bell. |
7A10.42 |
photo-voltaic switch |
|
Turn on a light using a light beam and photo-voltaic cell. |
7A10.43 |
photo detector |
|
Modulate a light and use a photo detector and amplifier with a speaker. |
7A10.50 |
photoconduction vs. thermopile |
|
A CdS photocell and thermopile. are moved across a projected spectrum and the outputs compared for frequency response. |
7A10.60 |
carrier recombination and lifetime |
|
A photoconductor is strobed and the output observed on an oscilloscope. |
7A10.71 |
sodium photoelectric cell |
|
On making a sodium photoelectric cell. |
7A10.72 |
commercial vacuum photocells |
|
Discussion of low cost ceasium-on-oxidized-silver photocells. |
7A10.73 |
commercial gas-filled photocells |
|
The characteristics of argon filled photocells. |
7A10.74 |
selenium photoconductor |
|
Directions for making a selenium photoconductor. |
7A10.76 |
making photoconductors |
|
Directions for preparing cadmium sulfide surfaces. |
7A10.99 |
photochemical reaction |
|
A mixture of hydrogen and chlorine is set off by a light flash. |
7A15. Millikan Oil Drop
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Subsets |
Abstract |
7A15.10 |
Millikan oil drop experiment |
|
The small Millikan chamber and telescope. |
7A15.11 |
Millikan - laser illumination |
|
Replace the light in the Welch apparatus with a laser. |
7A15.12 |
Millikan oil drop suggestions |
|
Three suggestions for the Pasco apparatus. |
7A15.13 |
Millikan oil drop - charge change |
|
The spark from a small tesla coil is used to change the charge on the drops. |
7A15.14 |
drop discriminator and ionizer |
|
Modification to introduce drops into the apparatus. |
7A15.20 |
Millikan oil drop with soap bubble |
|
Blow a soap bubble on a sleeve attached to an electrostatic generator. |
7A15.21 |
Millikan oil drop model - glass bead |
|
Tiny glass balls are levitated in this model of Millikan's experiment. |
7A15.25 |
model of Millikan oil drop experimen |
|
Place a balloon between two large metal plates attached to a Wimshurst or Balance a ping pong ball between two charged plates. |
7A15.40 |
air drop in a field |
|
Apparent violation of Earnshaw's theorem when a float moves towards a field minimum. |
7A20. Compton Effect
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Abstract |
7A20.10 |
Compton effect |
Use a multichannel analyzer to observe the normal Compton edge while the source and detector are isolated. Bring aluminum and lead blocks nearby and observe the backscattered peaks. |
7A20.15 |
Compton scattering with turntable |
A shielded source faces a scatterer with a scintillator rotating around at various angles. |
7A20.20 |
x-ray Compton scattering |
An x-ray beam strikes an aluminum plate at 45 degrees and the beam is scattered into an ionization chamber while a copper plate is inserted into the beam before and after scattering. |
7A50. Wave Mechanics
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Subsets |
Abstract |
7A50.10 |
frustrated total internal reflection |
|
A review of the history and theory. Pellin-Broca prisms eliminate reflection losses when measurements are taken. |
7A50.10 |
frustrated total internal reflection |
|
Squeeze two right angle prisms together with a "c" clamp while directing a beam of light at the interface. |
7A50.10 |
optical barrier penetration |
|
A Laboratory setup of optical barrier penetration. |
7A50.10 |
barrier penetration |
|
Frustrated total internal reflection with light and glass prisms demonstrates barrier penetration. |
7A50.11 |
almost total reflection |
|
Use a plano-convex lens between the prisms and laser beam illumination. |
7A50.12 |
frustrated total internal reflection |
|
A good note on frustrated total internal reflection and other accompanying physics. |
7A50.15 |
tunnel effect |
|
Rocksalt prisms with gaps of 5 microns and 15 microns show transmission of IR to a thermopile. in one case only. |
7A50.20 |
microwave barrier penetration |
|
Two right angle paraffin prisms are used with 3 cm microwaves to demonstrate barrier penetration. |
7A50.20 |
optical and microwave penetration |
|
Two detectors are used in both optical and microwave barrier penetration to quantitatively show the reflected and transmitted beams. |
7A50.20 |
frustrated total internal reflection |
|
Demonstrate frustrated total internal reflection using microwaves and two right angle paraffin prisms. Pictures, Reference: AJP 31(10),808. |
7A50.20 |
microwave barrier penetration |
|
Microwaves are totally reflected off a plastic prism until another is touching the first. |
7A50.21 |
microwave tunnel effect |
|
A waveguide transmission line with three dielectric regions driven at 5 GHz. |
7A50.21 |
microwave tunnel effect |
|
A microwave "potential barrier" of three sections of waveguide - with dielectric, air and again dielectric. |
7A50.30 |
vibrating soap film |
|
Soap films are vibrated at audio frequencies to produce standing waves which are projected on a screen. |
7A50.35 |
circular Rubens tube |
|
A 4' diameter circular Rubens flame tube demonstrates circular standing waves. Picture. |
7A50.40 |
vibrating circular wire |
|
Excite a circular wire at audio frequencies by an electromagnet drive to produce standing waves. |
7A50.40 |
vibrating circular wire |
|
Eigenfrequences of a 2.2" dia. wire circle are obtained by exciting with a 650 ohm relay coil. |
7A50.40 |
vibrating circular wire |
pira200 |
A circular wire is excited at audio frequencies by an electromagnet drive to produce standing waves. Diagram, Pictures, Reference: AJP 33(10),xiv. |
7A50.50 |
uncertainty principle with E&M |
|
Interpret the inverse relation between the pulse length of a signal on the oscilloscope and the spectral-energy density on a spectrum analyzer as a demonstration of the uncertainty principle. |
7A50.50 |
complementarity rule |
|
Circuit for a generator that produces 1,2,4,8, or 16 pulses in a packet. Decrease in bandwidth for longer packets is evident when the Fourier power spectrum is viewed. |
7A50.52 |
electric analog circuit |
|
A three dimensional electrical network of inductors and capacitors models energy density in three dimensions. |
7A50.60 |
photon counter - correlator |
|
A low cost time correlator-photon counter enables demonstrations of intensity correlation function, photon-bunching, coherence time, and related topics. |
7A50.80 |
Kronig-Penny model analog computer |
|
Diagram for an analog computer to simulate the Kronig-Penny model wave functions. |
7A50.90 |
Mermin's Bell theorem boxes |
|
A logic circuit that makes Mermin's gedanken experiment a feasible and instructive lecture demonstration. |
7A50.90 |
noncommuting operators |
|
Use the Abbe theory of image formation in the microscope is used to demonstrate noncommutativity. |
7A55. Particle/Wave Duality
7A60. X-ray and Electron Diffraction
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Subsets |
Abstract |
7A60.10 |
electron diffraction |
pira200 |
Rings or spots are shown with the old Welch electron diffraction tube. |
7A60.10 |
electron diffraction |
|
The Meiners/Welch electron diffraction tube. Pictures, Diagram, Reference: AJP,30, ,549. |
7A60.10 |
electron diffraction |
|
The Welch electron diffraction apparatus. |
7A60.10 |
electron diffraction |
|
Rings are obtained from a commercial tube with a graphite target. |
7A60.11 |
electron diffraction - mult. slits |
|
A method for making 3 micron wide slits. A schematic for the electron diffraction apparatus is given. |
7A60.12 |
tv tube electron diffraction |
|
With the cooperation of a TV tube manufacturer, a gold foil was placed in a black and white TV tube. |
7A60.12 |
tv tube electron diffraction |
|
Work with a local TV tube rebuilder to make an electron diffraction tube from an old TV |
7A60.15 |
Miller indices |
|
A solid model of the cuprite crystal habit with the various Miller indices labels on the faces. |
7A60.20 |
diffraction model |
|
|
7A60.20 |
X-ray and electron diffraction model |
|
Generate a ring pattern by rotating fine mesh wire gauze in a point source of light. |
7A60.21 |
model Laue diffraction pattern |
|
Direct a beam of light off a wood cylinder with radial glass vanes to a screen. |
7A60.22 |
model Laue diffraction pattern |
|
Reflect a beam of light off a single polished rod onto a screen to illustrate Laue diffraction. |
7A60.24 |
optical analog of x-ray diffraction |
|
Compare Fraunhofer diffraction patterns from masks containing repeating arrays of holes with x-ray diagrams. |
7A60.26 |
spherical projection model |
|
Colored dots on the surface of a Lucite sphere represent the projection of the spots as if a single crystal was irritated at the center of spherical film. |
7A60.27 |
blocking patterns in crystal latices |
|
Take a model of a crystal, replace an atom with a point source such as a flashlight battery, project the shadow pattern on a screen. |
7A60.28 |
bent crystal spectrometer model |
|
A model of the Caushois bent crystal spectrometer using a beam of light and a stack of microscope slides. |
7A60.30 |
electron "Poisson spot" |
|
Fresnel zones and the "Poisson spot" with electrons using an electron microscope with a good deal of historical development. |
7A60.40 |
field emission electron microscope |
|
Use a simplified high voltage generator with the Leybold field emission electron microscope. |
7A60.45 |
simple field emission electron micro |
|
A coin used as an electrode in a highly evacuated tube forms an image on a fluorescent screen when voltage is high enough. |
7A60.50 |
Bragg Diffraction - microwave |
|
Apparatus Drawings Project No. 6: Three cm microwaves and a ball bearing array demonstrate crystal diffraction. Klystron source. |
7A60.50 |
microwave crystal diffraction model |
|
Microwave diffraction is observed from a crystal model made of steel bearings mounted in a styrofoam cube. |
7A60.50 |
microwave Bragg diffraction |
|
Lattices of steel ball bearings embedded in styrofoam form crystal models for microwave diffraction. |
7A60.51 |
improved Welch-Bragg mount |
|
A parallelogram device that sweeps both arms through equal angles and has a direct reading of the sine of the angle. |
7A60.51 |
microwave crystal diffraction models |
|
Use 1/2" brads in place of ball bearings to make the analog of polarized particles. |
7A60.51 |
microwave crystal models |
|
Make models of crystals for microwave diffraction by inserting a No. 7 lead shot in styrofoam balls and then making models of the crystal structures. |
7A60.60 |
ripple tank - Bragg diffraction |
|
Floating arrays of pith balls model atoms for ripple tank Bragg diffraction. Also ripple tank construction techniques. Diagrams. |
7A60.61 |
ripple tank Bragg reflection |
|
An array of rods is used to demonstrate Bragg reflection. Picture. |
7A60.90 |
X-ray diffraction |
|
Use a beam, rock salt, and X-ray photographic paper to show diffraction. |
7A60.91 |
x-ray diffraction |
|
X-ray diffraction of a rock salt crystal mounted on a goniometer with GM tube detector. |
7A60.92 |
x-ray diffraction model |
|
If you need to demonstrate the reciprocal lattice concept in relation to single-crystal x-ray diffraction patterns, this is for you. |
7A60.95 |
sample x-ray tube |
|
Show a large x-ray tube. |
7A70. Condensed Matter
PIRA # |
Demonstration Name |
Subsets |
Abstract |
7A70.10 |
F-center diffusion |
|
Place a small KCl crystal in a tube furnace and project the intense blue color that is injected and diffuses through the crystal when 300 V is applied. |
7A70.15 |
Josephson phenomena analog |
|
A Pendulum analog of a small-area Josephson junction between two superconductors is coupled to the analogs of other circuit elements to demonstrate a variety of time dependent phenomena observed in actual devices. |
7A70.20 |
flux quantization in superconductors |
|
A induim film with lots of holes is used with a standard magnetometer. (Josephson effect simple demo)? |
7A70.25 |
Quantum Levitation - Flux Pinning |
|
A demonstration of levitation, suspension and movement of a superconductor (YBCO) over a magnetic track. |
7A70.30 |
Josephson junction analog |
|
Abstract from the 1981 apparatus competition describing an electronic circuit for demonstrating Josephson junction behavior. |
7A70.40 |
Josephson effect simple demo |
|
Niobium wire is twisted together, varnished and built into a simple stainless tube that can be inserted into a helium dewar. I-V curves are observed on an oscilloscope. |