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[:PiraScheme#Astronomy: Table of Astronomy]

[:PlanetaryAstronomy:Astronomy(8A):Planetary Astronomy]

[:Cosmology:Astronomy(8C):Cosmology]

[:Demonstrations:Lecture Demonstrations]

Stellar Astronomy

PIRA Classification 8B

8B10. The Sun

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
8B10.10	60 W Sun	Add abstract in Handbook.FM
8B10.20	The Solar Constant	Accurate methods to calculate the amount of energy the Earth receives from the Sun. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT, 42(4), 196]
8B10.20	Solar Constant	See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 38(6), 333]
8B10.20	Solar Constant Lab	Inexpensive equipment used to measure the solar constant. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 15(3), 172]
8B10.22	Solar Energy	Measurement of solar energy from the Sun. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 45(10), 981]
8B10.24	Solar Luminosity	Estimating hc/k from observations of sunlight. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 73(10), 979]
8B10.24	Solar Luminosity	Experiments measuring the solar constant used to calculate the luminosity of the Sun. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 74(8), 728]
8B10.24	Solar luminosity	Use a light bulb of known wattage to calculate the luminosity of the Sun. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 29(2), 96]
8B10.25	Solar Wien Peak	A discussion of why the human eye sees best at the yellow-green wavelengths which is well away from the Wien peak. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 71(3), 216]
8B10.25	Solar Wien Peak	A calculation that puts the Sun's Wien peak at 710 nm. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 71(12), 322] See also AJP 71(6), 519.
8B10.30	The Sun's Temperature	How to calculate the Sun's temperature from known data. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 17(8), 531]
8B10.35	The Sun's Diameter	How to use a pinhole to calculate the diameter of the Sun. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 38(5), 272]
8B10.35	The Sun's Size	Using ratios and models in class to bring the size of the Sun into perspective. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 38(2), 115]
8B10.35	The Sun's Size	How the observed size of the Sun changes from perihelion to aphelion. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 39(4), 249]
8B10.35	The Sun's Diameter	Use an index card with a small hole and a meter stick to determine the diameter of the Sun.
8B10.40	Lava Lamp	Making a lava lamp which can be used to show convection cells. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 46(4), 219]
8B10.50	Sunspots
8B10.50	Sunspot on the Overhead	A light bulb on a variac is turned up to visible glow and placed on an overhead projector that is turned off. When the overhead is turned on, the filament appears as a dark spot.
8B10.50	Sunspot Hallway Demo	In a brightly lit room open the door to a dimly lit hallway. The hallway appears dark. Gradually dim the room lights and observe how the hallway dramatically lights up. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 35(6), 334]
8B10.60	Random Walk	Flip coin to model 1-d random walk. Execute a computer program or shake a pan of ping pong balls or tennis balls to model a 2-d random walk.
8B10.60	Random Walk - Modeling the Energy Outflow in Stars	Use a Bumble Ball ( a common toy ) to illustrate the random walk of high energy photons in a star. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT,37(4), 236]
8B10.70	Solar Oscillations
8B10.80	Stellar/Nuclear Fusion	A model built from magnets to demonstrate the forces in nuclear fusion. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 62(9), 804]
8B10.80	Stellar Fusion	A look at fission and fusion and a determination as to which processes or nuclei release more energy. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 43(5), 303]
8B10.90	Poynting-Robertson Effect	How to demo the Poynting-Robertson effect using an air track, air cart, and an air hose blowing air down onto the air track. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 42(2), 119]

8B20. Stellar Spectra

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
8B20.10	Stellar Spectra	Using stellar spectra to classify stars according to temperature. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 38(1), 35]
8B20.20	Doppler Effect & Stellar Spectra	A flaw in the argument of observed red shifts as proof of an expanding universe. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 26(2), 102]
8B20.20	Doppler Effect & Stellar Spectra	The effect of the Doppler shift on the spectrum of stars as observed by space travelers. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 35(3), 160]
8B20.20	Doppler Effect & Stellar Spectra	How the energy of a photon is directly proportional to frequency and how this is not a violation of energy conservation when applied to the observed Doppler effect. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 21(9), 616]
8B20.20	Doppler Effect & Stellar Spectra	A further discussion on energy conservation and the Doppler effect. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 22(6), 350]
8B20.40	Gamma Ray Line Astronomy	Gamma ray line astronomy (GRLA) used to detect spectral features from stars. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 19(8), 527]

= 8B30. Stellar Evolution =

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
8B30.10	Stellar Magnitude Simulator	Six LEDs are adjusted so they appear to form a linear progression from dim to bright. The actual brightness is then measured. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 46(8),813]
8B30.10	Stellar Magnitude	An explanation of stellar magnitude and how it is used. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 29(5), 273]
8B30.20	HR diagram	Why is the Sun so large. Deriving a lower limit on the radius and mass of a hydrogen-burning star. Why 90 percent of stars lie in the "main sequence". See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 74(10), 938]
8B30.20	HR Diagram	Transformation of a main sequence star to a red giant is discussed. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 68(5), 421]
8B30.20	HR Diagram	Using part of the PSSC text to teach about the HR diagram. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 27(4), 231]
8B30.20	HR Diagram	A discussion of a simple but often missed important implication of the Main Sequence. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 34(6), 327]
8B30.20	HR Diagram	A student-centered, learning-cycle approach to teaching star life cycles. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 42(6), 347]
8B30.20	HR Diagram	The use of variable stars as a means to observe aging of stars. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 25(7), 420]
8B30.30	Stellar Lifecycle	Inquiry based Stellar lifecycle exercise. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 42(6), 347]
8B30.30	Stellar Lifecycle	How the force of gravity can be responsible for the birth and death of stars. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 17(4), 278]
8B30.30	Stellar Lifecycle	A look at how a star is born and the processes that determine it's lifecycle. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 10(4), 182]
8B30.30	Stellar Lifecycle	Part 2 of a look at how a star is born and the processes that determine it's lifecycle. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 10(6), 299]
8B30.35	Binary Star System	How to observe eclipsing binary stars and make a model from an "N" gauge railroad set and light bulbs. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 7(8), 453]
8B30.35	Binary Star System	A discussion of the aberration of light from a binary star system. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 35(9), 817]
8B30.35	Binary Star System	Two different size balls on a rod can be used to model a binary star system. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 28(6), 425]
8B30.35	Binary Star System	A model eclipsing binary star system using light bulbs. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 17(7), 456]
8B30.40	Variable Star Simulation	A ball eclipses a lamp. The output from a phototransistor is conditioned by a ADC/microcomputer/DAC on the way to an oscilloscope display. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 51(7),668]
8B30.40	Variable Stars	Variable stars are used to provide information about properties, processes, and evolution of stars. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 31(9), 541]
8B30.42	Supernova	Resource Letter: OTS-1: Obervations and theory of supernovae. Also, many books and review articles. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 71(1), 11]
8B30.42	Synthesized Variable Star	Use a PROM to store the curves for variable stars. No microprocessor, the curve is generated with a simple hardware circuit. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 46(11),1197]
8B30.42	Variable Star Simulation	A dimmer control is varied by a cam on a motor drive. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 44(12),1227]
8B30.42	Digital Variable Star	A simple circuit drives a lamp with data stored in EPROM to generate real light curves from various types of variable stars. Also includes discussion of a classroom photometer. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 54(11),976]
8B30.45	Supernova	What happens and what results from the death of a star. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 9(6), 326]
8B30.45	Supernova	The Crab Nebula and some results from the death of a star. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 7(1), 24]
8B30.50	Supernova Core Bounce	Velocity amplification in collision experiments involving Superballs. Analysis and how to make the demonstration. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 39(6), 656]
8B30.50	Supernova Core Bounce	Use the double ball bounce to illustrate supernova core bounce. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 28(8),558]
8B30.50	Supernova Core Bounce	Use the "Astro-Blaster" toy to demonstrate the supernova core bounce. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 33(6), 358]
8B30.50	Supernova Core Bounce	Other combinations of ball that can be used to demonstrate a supernova core bounce. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 33(9), 548]
8B30.50	Supernova Core Bounce	Analysis of multiple ball collisions and suggestions for safer multiple ball collision demonstrations. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 30(1), 46]
8B30.50	Supernova Core Bounce	How to make an aligner for elastic collision of multiple dropped balls. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 33(1), 56]
8B30.50	Supernova Core Bounce	Comments on non-ideal multiball collisions. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 30(4), 197]
8B30.55	Flashbulb Supernova	Add abstract in Handbook.FM
8B30.60	Neutron Stars	Neutron star projects for undergraduates. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 72(7), 892]
8B30.65	Pulsar Model
8B30.70	Pulsar Recording
8B30.70	Pulsars	Observations of pulsars used in the lab or the classroom. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 46(5), 530]
8B30.70	Pulsars	Observations and speculation of 4 pulsars. See [http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/ The Physics Teacher - TPT 9(5), 232]
8B30.72	X-Ray Pulsar	Calculation of the "spindown" rate of the x-ray pulsar SGR 1806-20. See [http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/ American Journal of Physics - AJP 68(8), 775]
8B30.75	White Dwarfs
8B30.90	Nebula
8B30.95	Forward and Backward Acattering	Clap erasers in front of and behind a clear 60 W lamp. See [http://groups.physics.umn.edu/demo/old_page/astronomy.html University of Minnesota Handbook - 8B10.40]
8B30.95	Forward and Backward Scattering	Aim a laser or laser pointer through a fish tank filled with water that has a small amount of Pine-Sol added to it. Forward, side, and back scattering can be observed.

8B40. Black Holes

PIRA #

Demonstration Name

Abstract

8B50. Stellar Miscellaneous