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== Semiconductors and Tubes ==

''PIRA classification 5M''

||<#dddddd> Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet.||

''''' Please note that these tables have not yet been edited to match the equipment that is available within the UW-Madison lecture demo lab. There maybe many items listed within these tables that we either "can not do" or have available.'''''

= 5M10. Semiconductors =
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||	5M10.10	||	Hall voltage	||	Measure the transverse potential of a large rectangle of biased N-doped germanium in a magnetic field.	||
||	5M10.10	||	Hall effect	||	The transverse potential of a large rectangle of biased N-doped germanium is measured when inserted into a magnetic field.	||
||	5M10.10	||	Hall voltage	||	Current is passed through a N doped germanium crystal while in a strong magnetic field and the voltage at the sides is monitored.	||
||	5M10.10	||	Hall effect	||	Measure a voltage difference in a germanium sample perpendicular to the current flow when placed in a magnetic field. Picture Diagram, Construction details in appendix, p.1367.	||
||	5M10.10	||	Hall effect	||	A Hall effect probe in a magnet, animation.	||
||	5M10.11	||	Hall effect magnet	||	Apparatus Drawings Project No. 12: A small electromagnet for use with an indium-antimonide device.	||
||	5M10.12	||	Lorentz force on conduction electron	||	A voltage is induced on a moving metal in a magnetic field.	||
||	5M10.15	||	an electron in a periodic potential	||	The interaction of an electron with a crystal periodic potential is demonstrated with an air track cart mounted magnet moving past a magnet array.	||
||	5M10.19	||	model of a semiconductor	||	A model made of pegboard and balls that shows a hole moving along a preselected path.	||
||	5M10.20	||	hot point probe	||	A hot point probe consisting of a soldering iron and a microammeter tests for the two types of conductivity.	||
||	5M10.30	||	color centers	||	Electrons or holes are injected into a large transparent alkali halide crystal in an oven resulting in the formation of color centers. Pictures, Diagrams, References: AJP 25,5 ,306.	||
||	5M10.32	||	color centers	||	Injection of electrons into a transparent potassium chloride crystal at high temperatures results in the formation of color centers. Pictures.	||
||	5M10.34	||	Shockley-Haynes experiment	||	A difficult but worthwhile demonstration illustrates diffusion and drift phenomena.	||
||	5M10.40	||	Josephson weak link model	||	A rigid pendulum and aluminum disc are mounted on a shaft driven by a weight hanging on a thread wrapped around the shaft and damped by eddy currents.	||
||	5M10.50	||	diode	||	Positive and negative voltages are applied to a lamp in series with a diode.	||
||	5M10.60	||	PN junction	||	Demonstrate a PN junction with a battery.	||
||	5M10.61	||	transistor curve tracer	||	Circuits for constructing instruments to display transistor curves on an oscilloscope.	||
||	5M10.62	||	Fermi level model	||	A model with ball bearings representing electrons and holes in Plexiglas representing states.	||
||	5M10.70	||	brillouin	||	View a waveform on an oscilloscope through a cardboard with slots cut out.	||
||	5M10.71	||	brillouin/compass array	||		||
||	5M10.90	||	transistor amplifier	||		||
||	5M10.90	||	transistor amplifier	||	A transistor circuit board shows simple amplification.	||
||	5M10.92	||	integrated circuits	||	Show transistors and integrated circuits including slides of integrated circuit blow ups.	||


= 5M20. Tubes =
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||	5M20.10	||	glow discharge	||	Various discharge phenomena are described from atmospheric to high vacuum.	||
||	5M20.10	||	glow-discharge tube	||	The pressure is reduced on a large tube while high voltage dc is applied to the electrodes.	||
||	5M20.10	||	gaseous discharge tube	||	Pump down a long discharge tube to show Crookes' dark space, negative glow, Faraday dark space, striations, etc.	||
||	5M20.12	||	potential required for glow discharg	||	Show the minimum voltage for a neon glow tube to discharge.	||
||	5M20.15	||	thermionic effect	||	Use a tube to show the thermionic effect in a vacuum.	||
||	5M20.20	||	special-purpose discharge tubes	||	Gas discharge tubes for spectra, fluorescence of minerals, line tubes, paddle wheel, etc. are mentioned.	||
||	5M20.20	||	five cathode ray tubes	||	Special tubes that demonstrate five properties of cathode rays.	||
||	5M20.25	||	electron beams	||	A tube with a replaceable lime spot (or barium, strontium, and calcium oxides) hot cathode gives a brilliant beam. Diagram.	||
||	5M20.28	||	electron focusing	||	Three types of focusing of the beam: residual gas, electrostatic, and magnetic.	||
||	5M20.30	||	gas filled tubes - two element type	||	A circuit for demonstrating the mercury-vapor rectifier tube.	||
||	5M20.31	||	hot-cathode discharges	||	The Tungar rectifier bulb and the phanotron mercury-vapor rectifier illustrate the role of cathode emission in discharge.	||
||	5M20.32	||	diode tubes	||	The Welch demonstration power supply board is used to explain the theory of the diode tube.	||
||	5M20.35	||	thyratron tube	||	The function of the grid in a discharge tube is shown with a thyratron.	||
||	5M20.36	||	gas filled tubes - grid controlled	||	A circuit for demonstrating the thyratron tube.	||
||	5M20.40	||	three element tube curves	||	A circuit for obtaining the characteristic curves of a triode.	||
||	5M20.41	||	"fresh air three electrode tube"	||	Elements of a three electrode tube are placed in a bell jar.	||
||	5M20.42	||	three electrode tube model	||	Steel balls represent electrons in a mechanical model of a triode. Picture.	||
||	5M20.43	||	three element tube - electrostatic	||	A circuit for controlling the plate current of a three or four element tube.	||
||	5M20.44	||	the triode	||	A circuit for demonstration the principles of a triode tube. Reference: AJP 23(9),384.	||
||	5M20.46	||	triode demonstrator unit	||	Apparatus review of the Modern and Classical Instruments triode demonstrator board. (1961)	||
||	5M20.50	||	soap bubble model of tubes	||	Soap bubbles moving through plates connected to a Van de Graaff generator simulate behavior of electron tubes. Picture.	||



[[Demonstrations]]

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