Differences between revisions 12 and 14 (spanning 2 versions)

[:PiraScheme#Mechanics: Table of Mechanics]

[:Newtons1STLaw: Mechanics (1F): Newton's First Law]

[:Newtons3RDLaw: Mechanics (1H): Newton's Third Law]

[:Demonstrations:Lecture Demonstrations]

Newton's Second Law

PIRA classification 1G

?? Demonstrations listed of which ?? are grayed out.

Grayed out demonstrations are not available or within our archive and are under consideration to be added.

Anchor(ForceMassAndAcceleration)

1G10. Force, Mass, and Acceleration

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1G10.10	Constant Acceleration Car	Accelerate a PASCO car or air track car on a track with a mass on a string over a pulley.(Similar to 1G10.20 and 1G10.20)
1G10.12	Constant Acceleration Car on Incline	Accelerate a PASCO car or air track car up an inclined track with a mass on a string over a pulley.
1G10.13	Constant Acceleration car on Incline with Scale	Accelerate a PASCO car or air track car up an inclined track with a mass on a string over a pulley and use a Newton scale to measure the tension of the string.
1G10.14	Acceleration Car with Accelerometer	An elegant pendulum accelerometer designed for the air track. Reflected laser beam is directed to a scale at one end of the track.
1G10.16	Acceleration with Spring (air track)	An air track glider is pulled by a small spring held at constant extension.
1G10.18	Battery Propeller Force Generator	A battery powered air track propeller that provides a constant force.
1G10.19	Constant Force Generator	A constant force generator for the air track based on the induction of eddy currents. It is easy to handle and can be self-made.
1G10.20	Acceleration Car	Time the acceleration of a toy truck as it is pulled across the table by a mass on a string over a pulley. (Similar to 1G10.10 and 1G10.21)
1G10.21	Acceleration Car	A car is accelerated by a descending weight. (Similar to 1G10.10 and 1G10.20)
1G10.24	Acceleration Car Photo	Take a strobed photo of a light on a car pulled by a weight on a string over a pulley.
1G10.25	Acceleration Block	Accelerate a block of wood across the table by a mass on a string over a pulley.
1G10.30	Mass on a Scale	Suspend a mass from a spring balance and then cut the string.
1G10.40	Atwood's Machine	Three aluminum skeleton pulleys of different diameters are mounted together on good bearings. Many combinations of weights may be tried.
1G10.40	Atwood's machine	Two equal masses are hung from a light pulley. A small percentage of one mass is moved to the other side.
1G10.45	Morin's machine	Morin's (French) alternative to Atwood's (English) machine.

Anchor(AcceleratedReferenceFrame)

1G20. Accelerated Reference Frames

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1G20.10	Candle in a Bottle	A candle in a dropped plexiglass chimney goes out after 2-3 meters due to absence of convection currents. It would otherwise continue to burn for a long time. Try it with a closed jar.
1G20.13	Elevator Paradox	A large hydrometer flask in a beaker of water remains at its equilibrium position as the beaker is moved up and down.
1G20.20	Ball in a Thrown Tube	Invert and throw a 4' plexiglass tube full of water that contains a cork. The rising cork will remain stationary during the throw.
1G20.21	Modified Falling Tube	Couple a lead weight and cork with a spring and put the assembly in a tube of water so the cork just floats. Drop the tube and the cork sinks.
1G20.22	Ball in a Falling Tube	A ball in a tube are dropped simultaneously from the ceiling. The ball strikes the bottom of the tube after hitting the floor.
1G20.30	Leaky Can Drop	Punch a hole in the bottom of a can and fill it with water. When you drop it, no water will run out.
1G20.38	Einstein's Birthday Present	A ball attached to a tube by a weak rubber band is pulled to the tube in free fall.
1G20.40	Bucket with Weights	Hang 1 kg weights from heavy rubber bands extending from the center over the edge of a Styrofoam bucket. Drop the thing. The masses will be pulled into the bucket.
1G20.41	Vanishing Weight	A mass sits on a scale. Dropping the entire apparatus, the scale will show the mass has no weight does not apply a weight force on the scale.
1G20.44	Drop a Mass on a Spring	Drop a frame with an oscillating mass on a spring hanging from the top and the mass will be pulled up but stop oscillating.
1G20.45	Dropped Slinky	Hold a slinky so some of it extends downward, then drop it to show the contraction.
1G20.46	Vanishing Weight	Drop a frame containing three different masses hanging on identical springs or a frame with a pendulum.
1G20.47	Dropping Pendulum	Suspend a pendulum from a stick. Drop the stick when the pendulum is at an extreme and the stick and pendulum will maintain the same relative position.
1G20.55	Falling Dart Guns	A falling cage is equipped with two dart guns lined up with holes in two sheets and a nets to catch the ball. The balls don't go through the holes unless the cage is in free fall. The dart gun to the hole to the net is a straight line (the path of the dart relative to the box when the whole thing is in free fall.)
1G20.60	Accelerating a Spring Mass System	Quickly raise and lower a spring balance-mass system.
1G20.62	Acceleration of Masses on a Pulley	A rope over a ceiling mounted pulley has a weight on one side and a spring scale and lighter weight on the other side.
1G20.70	Accelerometer	A Lucite box containing colored glycerine mounted on a cart is rolled down an incline or given a push up an incline.
1G20.75	Accelerometer	A balloon filled with air is suspended from the top and a helium balloon from the bottom of a clear box mounted on wheels.
1G20.76	Accelerometer	An iron ball is suspended from the top and a cork ball from the bottom of a clear box filled with water mounted on wheels.

Anchor(ComplexSystems)

1G30. Complex Systems

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1G30.11	Tension in Atwood's Machine	Hang an Atwood's machine from a spring scale and take readings in both static and dynamic cases.
1G30.12	Double Atwood's Machine	The mass on one side of the Atwood's machine is replaced with another Atwood's machine.
1G30.20	Mass on Spring, on Balance	A mass on a spring oscillates on one side of a tared balance.
1G30.25	Weigh a Yo-yo	A yo-yo is hung from one side of a balanced critically damped platform scale.
1G30.30	Hourglass on a Balance	An hourglass sits on a critically damped balance and lead shot moves from the top to the bottom of the hourglass. Observe the scale's readout.
1G30.31	Acceleration of Center of Mass	An apparatus to show transient and steady state conditions in the hourglass problem.
1G30.33	Acceleration of Center of Mass	A funnel full of water is placed on a tared platform balance and the water is then released and runs into a beaker.
1G30.34	Reaction Balance	One mass on an equal arm balance is supported by pulleys at the end and fulcrum. The balance is in equilibrium if the string holding the mass is held fast or pulled in uniform motion. Look it up.
1G30.35	Acceleration of Center of Mass	A ball is dropped in a tall cylinder filled with oil while the entire assembly is on a balance. A hollow iron ball may be released from an electromagnet on the bottom and float to the top.

[:Demonstrations:Demonstrations]

[:Instructional:Home]

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-||1G20.10||	candle in a bottle||	Drop a candle burning in a large flask.||
||1G20.10||	candle in a bottle||	Drop, toss up, and throw a bottle containing a lighted candle.||
||1G20.10||	gravitational pressure in circulation||	Drop a plexiglass container with a lighted candle.||
||1G20.10||	bottle and candle||	Throw a jug with a lighted candle into the air.||
||1G20.10||	candle in a bottle||	A lighted candle in a glass chimney in a large container will burn for a long time unless dropped.||
||1G20.10||	candle in a bottle||	A candle in a dropped chimney goes out after 2-3 meters due to absence of convection currents.||
||1G20.10||	candle in dropped jar||	Drop a closed jar containing a burning candle.||
||1G20.11||	falling candle doesn't work||	Hey, when these guys tried it they could drop the bottle 25 feet and the candle only went out upon deceleration.||
||1G20.13||	elevator paradox||	A large hydrometer flask in a beaker of water remains at its equilibrium position as the beaker is moved up and down.||
||1G20.14||	four demos||	Four demos: Drop a weight on a spring balance, drop a cup with weights on rubber bands, drop a candle in a bottle, drop or throw a tube of water containing a rising cork.||
||1G20.20||	ball in a thrown tube||	Invert and throw a 4' plexiglass tube full of water that contains a cork. The rising cork will remain stationary during the throw.||
||1G20.20||	ball in a thrown tube||	Throw or drop long water filled tube containing a cork. Also try a rubber stopper or air bubble.||
||1G20.20||	falling bubble||	A rising bubble in a jar remains stationary while the jar is thrown.||
||1G20.20||	ball in a thrown tube||	A long thin tube with an air bubble is tossed across the room.||
||1G20.21||	modified falling tube||	Couple a lead weight and cork with a spring and put the assembly in a tube of water so the cork just floats. Drop the tube and the cork sinks.||
||1G20.21||	ball in a falling tube||	A cork remains submerged in a falling jar of water. Diagram of a mousetrap mechanism.||
||1G20.22||	ball in a falling tube||	A ball and tube are dropped simultaneously from the ceiling. The ball strikes the bottom of the tube after hitting the floor.||
||1G20.30||	drop pail with holes||	First drop a can with several vertical holes to show no flow in free fall, then rig up a pulley system to accelerate the pail greater than g (shown), and the top hole will issue the longest stream of water.||
||1G20.30||	leaky pail drop||	Punch a hole in the bottom of a can and fill it with water. When you drop it, no water will run out.||
||1G20.33||	pop the balloon||	This device pops a balloon if it is not in free fall. Toss it to a student to give them a real bang.||
||1G20.34||	vanishing weight||	A strip of paper pulled from between two weights will tear except when dropped.||
||1G20.36||	vanishing weight||	Weights compress the tube of an air whistle until in free fall when the whistle blows.||
||1G20.38||	Einstein's birthday present||	A ball attached to a tube by a weak rubber band is pulled to the tube in free fall.||
||1G20.40||	cup and weights||	Hang 1 kg weights from heavy rubber bands extending from the center over the edge of a styrofoam bucket. Drop the thing.||
||1G20.40||	cup & weights||	Further discussion of the R. D. Edge article describing dropping a styrofoam cup with weights suspended over the edge by rubber bands.||
||1G20.41||	vanishing weight - dropping things||	1) Drop a mass on a spring scale, 2) Drop an object with a second object hanging by a rubber band, 3) stretch a rubber band over the edge of a container and drop.||
||1G20.42||	vanishing weight||	A parcel scale is dropped with a bag of sand on the platform.||
||1G20.43||	elevators||	A battery powered circuit is constructed in a box causes a light to glow while a spring scale is unloaded. The light will glow while a loaded spring scale is in free fall.||
||1G20.44||	drop a mass on a spring||	Drop a frame with an oscillating mass on a spring and the mass will be pulled up but stop oscillating.||
||1G20.45||	dropped slinky||	Hold a slinky so some of it extends downward, then drop it to show the contraction.||
||1G20.46||	vanishing weight||	Drop a frame containing three different masses hanging on identical springs or a frame with a pendulum.||
||1G20.47||	dropping pendulum||	Suspend a pendulum from a stick. Drop the stick when the pendulum is at an extreme and the stick and pendulum will maintain the same relative position.||
||1G20.55||	falling frame shoot||	A falling cage is equipped with two guns lined up with holes in two sheets and a net to catch the ball. The balls don't go through the holes unless the cage is in free fall.||
||1G20.60||	elevators||	Quickly raise and lower a spring balance-mass system.||
||1G20.61||	elevators||	Discussion of the elevator problem and a car going around a curve.||
||1G20.62||	elevators||	A rope over a ceiling mounted pulley has a weight on one side and a spring scale and lighter weight on the other side.||
||1G20.63||	elevators||	An apparatus to quantitatively demonstrate the forces acting on a passenger standing on a spring scale in an elevator. Diagrams.||
||1G20.64||	elevator||	The elevator is a spring scale and potentiometer combination.||
||1G20.70||	accelerometer on tilted air track||	The water surface of a liquid accelerometer on a tilted air track remains parallel to the angle of the air track during acceleration.||
||1G20.70||	showing acceleration||	Put a cart on an incline, mount a liquid accelerometer on the cart and mark the reference at rest, give the cart a push up the incline and observe the accelerometer as the car goes up, stops, and comes back down.||
||1G20.70||	accelerometer||	A Lucite box containing colored glycerine mounted on a cart is rolled down an incline or given a push up an incline.||
||1G20.70||	local vertical with acceleration||	Place a liquid accelerometer on an air track glider on an inclined air track||
||1G20.75||	helium balloon accelerometer||	Put two students in a car with a helium balloon.||
||1G20.75||	accelerometer||	A balloon filled with air is suspended from the top and a helium balloon from the bottom of a clear box mounted on wheels.||
||1G20.76||	float accelerometer||	A float in a glass of water on an accelerating cart. Also, moving in uniform circular motion.||
||1G20.76||	accelerometer||	Two flasks full of water, one has a cork ball, the other has a heavier than water ball.||
||1G20.76||	accelerometer||	An iron ball is suspended from the top and a cork ball from the bottom of a clear box filled with water mounted on wheels.||
||1G20.76||	accelerometers||	Two jars of water, one has a light ball suspended from the bottom, the other has a heavy ball suspended from the top.||
||1G20.79||	accelerometer||	A design for a high quality accelerometer.||
||1G20.80||	cart and elastic band||	Place an accelerometer (cork on a string in a clear water filled box) on a cart and attach a strong rubber band to one end. Push the cart down the bench while holding the rubber band.||
||1G20.85||	acceleration pendulum cart||	Push a skateboard across the lecture bench so an attached pendulum is displaced at a constant angle.||
||1G20.87||	accelerometer||	The bubble of a spirit level moves in the direction of acceleration.||
||1G20.87||	accelerometer||	Place a carpenter's level on Fletcher's trolley and use the bubble as an accelerometer.||
||1G20.88||	accelerometer||	A discussion of "U" tube manometers for use as accelerometers.||
+||<#dddddd>1G20.10||<#dddddd>Candle in a Bottle||<#dddddd>A candle in a dropped plexiglass chimney goes out after 2-3 meters due to absence of convection currents. It would otherwise continue to burn for a long time. Try it with a closed jar.||
||1G20.13||Elevator Paradox||A large hydrometer flask in a beaker of water remains at its equilibrium position as the beaker is moved up and down.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.20||<#dddddd>Ball in a Thrown Tube||<#dddddd>Invert and throw a 4' plexiglass tube full of water that contains a cork. The rising cork will remain stationary during the throw.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.21||<#dddddd>Modified Falling Tube||<#dddddd>Couple a lead weight and cork with a spring and put the assembly in a tube of water so the cork just floats. Drop the tube and the cork sinks.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.22||<#dddddd>Ball in a Falling Tube||<#dddddd>A ball in a tube are dropped simultaneously from the ceiling. The ball strikes the bottom of the tube after hitting the floor.||
||1G20.30||Leaky Can Drop||Punch a hole in the bottom of a can and fill it with water. When you drop it, no water will run out.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.38||<#dddddd>Einstein's Birthday Present||<#dddddd>A ball attached to a tube by a weak rubber band is pulled to the tube in free fall.||
||1G20.40||Bucket with Weights||Hang 1 kg weights from heavy rubber bands extending from the center over the edge of a Styrofoam bucket. Drop the thing. The masses will be pulled into the bucket.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.41||<#dddddd>Vanishing Weight||<#dddddd>A mass sits on a scale. Dropping the entire apparatus, the scale will show the mass has no weight does not apply a weight force on the scale.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.44||<#dddddd>Drop a Mass on a Spring||<#dddddd>Drop a frame with an oscillating mass on a spring hanging from the top and the mass will be pulled up but stop oscillating.||
||1G20.45||Dropped Slinky||Hold a slinky so some of it extends downward, then drop it to show the contraction.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.46||<#dddddd>Vanishing Weight||<#dddddd>Drop a frame containing three different masses hanging on identical springs or a frame with a pendulum.||
||1G20.47||Dropping Pendulum||Suspend a pendulum from a stick. Drop the stick when the pendulum is at an extreme and the stick and pendulum will maintain the same relative position.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.55||<#dddddd>Falling Dart Guns||<#dddddd>A falling cage is equipped with two dart guns lined up with holes in two sheets and a nets to catch the ball. The balls don't go through the holes unless the cage is in free fall. The dart gun to the hole to the net is a straight line (the path of the dart relative to the box when the whole thing is in free fall.)||
||1G20.60||Accelerating a Spring Mass System||Quickly raise and lower a spring balance-mass system.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.62||<#dddddd>Acceleration of Masses on a Pulley||<#dddddd>	A rope over a ceiling mounted pulley has a weight on one side and a spring scale and lighter weight on the other side.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.70||<#dddddd>Accelerometer||<#dddddd>A Lucite box containing colored glycerine mounted on a cart is rolled down an incline or given a push up an incline.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.75||<#dddddd>Accelerometer||<#dddddd>A balloon filled with air is suspended from the top and a helium balloon from the bottom of a clear box mounted on wheels.||
||<#dddddd>1G20.76||<#dddddd>Accelerometer||<#dddddd>An iron ball is suspended from the top and a cork ball from the bottom of a clear box filled with water mounted on wheels.||
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-||1G30.11||	Poggendorff's experiment||	The reaction on an Atwood's pulley hanging from a scale is twice the harmonic mean of the suspended weights.||
||1G30.11||	tension in Atwood's machine||	Hang an Atwood's machine from a spring scale and take readings in both static and dynamic cases.||
||1G30.12||	double Atwood's machine problem||	The mass on one side of the Atwood's machine is replaced with another Atwood's machine.||
||1G30.20||	mass on spring, on balance||	A mass on a spring oscillates on one side of a tared balance.||
||1G30.20||	mass on a spring, on balance||	A large ball on a stretched spring is tared on a platform balance. The string is burned and the motion observed.||
||1G30.20||	acceleration on a balance||	Burn the string extending a mass on a spring on a tared platform balance.||
||1G30.25||	weigh a yo-yo||	A yo-yo is hung from one side of a balanced critically damped platform scale.||
||1G30.30||	hourglass on a balance||	An hourglass runs down on a tared, critically damped balance.||
||1G30.30||	acceleration of center of mass||	A very large hourglass is placed on a critically damped balance. The deflection is noted as the sand starts, continues, and stops falling.||
||1G30.30||	acceleration of center of mass||	An hourglass full of lead shot is tared on a critically damped platform balance. The resultant force is observed as the lead shot starts, continues, and stops falling.||
||1G30.30||	hourglass on a balance||	An hourglass on one side of a equal arm balance.||
||1G30.31||	acceleration of center of mass||	An apparatus to show transient and steady state conditions in the hourglass problem.||
||1G30.32||	the hourglass problem||	Careful analysis and demonstration shows that the center of mass is actually accelerating upwards during most of the process.||
||1G30.33||	acceleration of center of mass||	A funnel full of water is placed on a tared platform balance and the water is then released and runs into a beaker.||
||1G30.34||	reaction balance||	One mass on an equal arm balance is supported by pulleys at the end and fulcrum. The balance is in equilibrium if the string holding the mass is held fast or pulled in uniform motion. Look it up.||
||1G30.35||	acceleration of center of mass||	A ball is dropped in a tall cylinder filled with oil while the entire assembly is on a balance. A hollow iron ball may be released from an electromagnet on the bottom and float to the top.||
+||1G30.11||Tension in Atwood's Machine||Hang an Atwood's machine from a spring scale and take readings in both static and dynamic cases.||
||1G30.12||Double Atwood's Machine||The mass on one side of the Atwood's machine is replaced with another Atwood's machine.||
||1G30.20||Mass on Spring, on Balance||	A mass on a spring oscillates on one side of a tared balance.||
||<#dddddd>1G30.25||<#dddddd>Weigh a Yo-yo||<#dddddd>A yo-yo is hung from one side of a balanced critically damped platform scale.||
||<#dddddd>1G30.30||<#dddddd>Hourglass on a Balance||<#dddddd>An hourglass sits on a critically damped balance and lead shot moves from the top to the bottom of the hourglass. Observe the scale's readout.||
||<#dddddd>1G30.31||<#dddddd>Acceleration of Center of Mass||An apparatus to show transient and steady state conditions in the hourglass problem.||
||1G30.33||Acceleration of Center of Mass||A funnel full of water is placed on a tared platform balance and the water is then released and runs into a beaker.||
||<#dddddd>1G30.34||<#dddddd>Reaction Balance||<#dddddd>One mass on an equal arm balance is supported by pulleys at the end and fulcrum. The balance is in equilibrium if the string holding the mass is held fast or pulled in uniform motion. Look it up.||
||<#dddddd>1G30.35||<#dddddd>Acceleration of Center of Mass||<#dddddd>A ball is dropped in a tall cylinder filled with oil while the entire assembly is on a balance. A hollow iron ball may be released from an electromagnet on the bottom and float to the top.||

fw: Diff for "Newtons2NDLaw"

Newton's Second Law

1G10. Force, Mass, and Acceleration

1G20. Accelerated Reference Frames

1G30. Complex Systems