Motion in Two Dimensions

PIRA classification 1D

Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet

1D10. Displacement in Two Dimensions

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1D10.20	Cycloid Generator	A large spool with a light bulb fastened to the circumference is rolled along the table. With and without the lights on.
1D10.30	Inversor	A mechanical device that transforms rotational motion into rectilinear motion.
1D10.40	Mounted Wheel	A bicycle wheel marked with a radial line turns about its axis.
1D10.55	Projected circular motion	A Turn table with a ball that rotates with an arrow on top is projected on a screen by a arc lamp with a pendulum above.
1D10.60	measuring angular velocity of a fan	Use an electronic strobe to measure the angular velocity of a fan blade or other rotating objects.

1D15. Velocity, Position, and Acceleration

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1D15.10	ultrasonic detector and students	Have a student walk toward and away from a sonic ranger while observing plots of position, velocity, and acceleration on a projection of the Mac.
1D15.15	kick a moving ball	Kick a moving soccer ball on the floor or hit a moving croquet ball on the lecture bench with a mallet.
1D15.20	high road low road	Two objects start at the same velocity, one moves straight to the finish, the other traverses a valley. The problem: which wins?
1D15.30	catching the train	A ball accelerating down an incline catches and passes a ball moving at constant velocity on a horizontal track.
1D15.35	passing the train	A ball accelerates down an incline with a stripped rope moving at constant velocity in the background. The moment the ball has the same velocity as the rope is strikingly obvious. Repeat with the rope at a different constant velocity.
1D15.40	Galileo's circle	Several rods are mounted as cords of a large circle with one end of each rod top center. Beads released simultaneously at the top all reach the ends the rods at the same time.
1D15.45	brachistochrone track	Three tracks - straight line, parabola, and cycloid are mounted together. Triggers at each end control a timer. Details.

1D40. Motion of the Center of Mass

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1D40.10	throw objects	A slab of Styrofoam with lights placed at the center of gravity is tossed in the air.
1D40.11	center of mass disc	Throw a disc with uniform distribution and then offset the center of mass.
1D40.12	Hammer Toss	Mark the center of gravity of a hammer with a white spot. Throw it in the air and attach it to a hand drill to show it rotating smoothly.
1D40.15	loaded bolas	Three balls tied together and tossed in the air
1D40.20	spinning block	A large wood block has two holes with felt tipped pens, one on the center of mass. Place the block on a large sheet of paper and hit off center with a hammer.
1D40.22	air table center of mass	A weighted block glides across an air table.
1D40.25	photographing center of motion	Photographing the center of velocity of a variety of rigid bodies, using a high speed CCD camera.
1D40.30	throw the dumbbell	A dumbbell with unequal masses is thrown without rotation when the force is applied at the center of mass.
1D40.35	Earth-Moon system	Two unequal masses are fastened to the ends of a rigid bar. Spin the system about holes drilled in the bar at and off the center of mass.
1D40.50	air track pendulum glider	A double pendulum hangs from an air track cart with a mounted spot marking the center of mass. Set the system in oscillation and the spot will remain still or translate smoothly.
1D40.51	air track pendulum glider	A large glider with a pendulum on top of it.
1D40.52	momentum pendulum	A pendulum support is free to move on rollers as the pendulum swings back and forth.

1D40.55

air track inchworm

The center of mass of two carts coupled with leaf springs is marked with a light or flag. Show oscillation about the center of mass or constant velocity of c of m.

1D50. Central Forces

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1D50.10	ball on a string	A ball is tied to a sting and then twirl around in a vertical circle.
1D50.15	arrow on a disk	Mount an arrow tangentially on the edge of a rotating disk.

1D50.20	whirligig	A large ball and a small ball fastened to opposite ends of a string which is threaded through a handle.
1D50.20	centripetal force apparatus	Use a glass tube for the holder and rubber stoppers for the masses.

1D50.25	conical pendulum	A ceiling mounted bowling ball pendulum is used as a conical pendulum, or a ball on a cord is rotated mechanically at a steady slow speed.
1D50.26	plane on string	A model plane flies around on a string defining a conical pendulum.

1D50.30

canival ride model

A toy person is held on a vertical card at the edge of a turntable when the turntable is spun fast enough.

1D50.37	swinging up a weight	An arrangement whereby a swinging 500 g weight picks up a 1000 g weight.
1D50.40	pail of water	A pail of water is whirled around in a vertical circle.
1D50.45	penny on the coathanger	A penny is balanced on the hook of a coat hanger. The coat hanger is twirled around your finger and the penny doesn't fly off.
1D50.48	balls on a propeller	Balls sit in cups mounted on a swinging arm at .5 and 1.0 m. Calculate the period necessary to keep the ball in the outer cup and swing it around in time to a metronome.
1D50.50	Welch centripetal force	The angular velocity and mass needed to stretch a spring a certain distance are compared.
1D50.53	variable centripetal force	A new design for the apparatus that allows any two of the three variables of mass, angular velocity, and distance to be kept constant.
1D50.55	hand rotator	<#dddddd> Two 2000 g spring balances are mounted on a rotator. Equal masses are attached to each and readings are taken at some rotational velocity.
1D50.60	banked track	<#dddddd> A steel ball rolled down an incline into a funnel reaches an equilibrium level where it revolves in a horizontal plane.
1D50.65	Rectangular track	A turntable can be rotated at various angular frequencies. Objects can be placed at different radii. A small platform can be attached which will swing out to the correct slope for any angular velocity. A device for measuring force is also shown.
1D50.69	puzzle	Two balls in a box must be caught in end pockets simultaneously.
1D50.70	rolling chain	A flexible chain is spun on a motorized pulley. When it is released, it maintains rigidity as it rolls down the lecture bench.

1D52. Deformation by Central Forces

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1D52.10	flattening Earth	Flexible hoops flatten when spun on a rotator.
1D52.17	empty jug by swirling	A jug will empty faster when swirled.
1D52.20	parabolid of liquid	A cylindrical container with some water is rotated at a constant speed.
1D52.21	rotation water troughs	Two water containers are mounted on a rotating table. A rectangular container mounted radially shows half a parabola, and another formed in an arc of constant radius stays level.
1D52.24	rotating manometer	Tubing constructed in an "E" shape on its back is partly filled with water and rotated.
1D52.26	project mercury parabola	Spin a dish of mercury and image a light bulb on the ceiling.
1D52.30	balls in water centrifuge	Spin a bent glass tube filled with water containing cork and aluminum balls.
1D52.31	balls in water centrifuge	A long thin tube containing a brass ball, ping pong ball, and water is rotated.
1D52.33	cork and ball rotating in water	One cork is tied to the bottom, one ball is tied to the top of two cylinders full of water at the ends of a rotating bar.
1D52.33	rotating corks in water	Corks tied to the bottom of two jars full of water are first translated on a cart and then put on a pivot and rotated about the center.
1D52.34	car picture	A picture taken from inside a car of a candle, CO2 balloon, H2 balloon as the car is driven in uniform circular motion.
1D52.35	mercury/water centrifuge	A spherical glass bowl is spun and mercury forms a equatorial band with water above and below.
1D52.37	centrifuge	A hand cranked test tube centrifuge.
1D52.40a	rotating candle	A lighted candle in a chimney lamp on a rotating table will point to the center.
1D52.40b	rotating candle	Lighted candles in chimneys are rotated about the center of mass.
1D52.50	paper saw	A 6" paper disc placed on a dremmel tool cuts another sheet of paper.
1D52.50	paper saw	Typewriter paper will cut through other paper, Bristol board will cut through wood when spun at high speeds.
1D52.60	rubber wheel	A sponge rubber wheel with one spoke cut is rotated at high speed and viewed under stroboscopic light.
1D52.61	rotating rubber wheel	A rubber wheel stretches to a larger radius when spun.

1D55. Centrifugal Escape

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1D55.10	broken ring	A ball is rolled around the inside of a large open metal hoop. Students predict where the ball will go when it reaches the opening.
1D55.11	the big omega	A large wood circle with a gap is used with a boccie ball.
1D55.15	cut the string	Cut the string while swinging a ball overhead.
1D55.20	grinding wheel	Watch the path of sparks flying off a grinding wheel.
1D55.23	spinning disc with water	Red drops fly off a spinning disc leaving traces tangent to the disc.
1D55.30	falling off the merry-go-round	A turntable is rotated until objects slide or tip over.
1D55.33	train wrecks	Pictures of train wrecks at curves and some calculations.
1D55.50	air pump	Three mutually perpendicular discs are rotated about the intersection of two and air is drawn in the poles and expelled at the equator.

1D60. Projectile Motion

PIRA #	Demonstration Name	Abstract
1D60.05	ball to throw	Provide a large nerf ball, tennis ball, soft ball, or whatever ball is requested.
1D60.11	Ballistic cart	Instructor sits on a wheeled cart with a catapult to project a ball upward.
1D60.15	howitzer and tunnel on incline	Perform the howitzer and tunnel on an incline with the car starting at rest.
1D60.15	howitzer and tunnel on incline	Some strobe pictures and drawings show the ball is always above the cart relative to the incline, but not always above the cart relative to the horizontal.
1D60.16	vertical gun on accelerated car	Two cases: vertical gun on a car on an incline, and on a car accelerated by a mass on a string.
1D60.20	simultaneous fall	Device to drop one billiard ball and shoot another out.
1D60.20	simultaneous fall	A spring loaded device drops one ball and projects the other horizontally.
1D60.21	simulteanous fall	Instructor rolls a super-ball off the hand while walking at a constant velocity.
1D60.22	simultaneous fall	Roll a steel ball down an incline where it hits another, momentum exchange knocks the one out, and the other drops through a slot.
1D60.30	monkey and hunter (pasco)	A target is released when the gun is fired. The ball hits the target in midair.
1D60.31	monkey and hunter on incline	A simple and effective version using rolling balls on an inclined table.
1D60.34	monkey and hunter	A magnetic switch and solenoid release.
1D60.34	monkey and hunter	Plotting projectile motion using the OH projector, strobe photography, and an optoelectronic circuit for triggering the monkey drop.
1D60.35	monkey and hunter	Viewed from the free monkey frame, the bullet moves uniformly. Placing the hunter below the monkey can mislead students.
1D60.40	range of a gun	Shoot at 45, then calculate 30 or 60 and place the target.
1D60.43	range of a gun	<#dddddd>Use the tennis ball serving machine to find muzzle velocity, range, etc.
1D60.45	range of a gun	Using a toy dart gun and a ball bearing weighted dart, the author gives a concise description for obtaining muzzle velocity used to predict the range at various angles.
1D60.50	parabolic trajectory	Four launching ramps are mounted to a large magnetic surfaced coordinate system. Magnet based metal hoops can be repositioned easily so the ball passes through all the hoops. Looks very nice.
1D60.50	parabolic path through rings	A ball launched off a ramp will pass through a set of rings.
1D60.55	parabolic trajectory on incline	A tennis ball covered with chalk dust is rolled across a tilted blackboard.
1D60.55	parabolic trajectory on incline	Fire a ball up an incline and trace the trajectory as it rolls on carbon paper.
1D60.55	air table parabolas	Pucks are projected across a tilted air track.
1D60.56	parabolic trajectory	Inexpensive apparatus for plotting parabolic trajectory by repeatedly hitting a carbon paper.
1D60.58	parabolic trajectory	A strobe picture is taken of the projectile motion of a golf ball. A method of analysis suited for a HS class is presented.
1D60.60	parabolic trajectory	A pivoted bar with several pendula of length proportional to the square of the distance point from the pivot.
1D60.60	parabolic trajectory	Uses the balls hanging from a stick device at the blackboard.
1D60.60	parabolic trajectory	A pivoted bar has pendula of length proportional to the square of the distance from the pivot point.
1D60.60	parabolic trajectory	A stream of water matches the position of balls of lengths 1,4,9,16,... at all angles of elevation.
1D60.65	parabolic trajectory - water stream	Apparatus Drawings Project No.33: The adjustable water nozzle has an arm extending in the direction of the nozzle with hanging arrows at intervals along the arm. Adjust the water pressure so the stream matches the arrow heads.
1D60.65	water trough trajectory	Hook a nozzle to the house water through an additional regulator to reduce pressure fluctuations. Shoot at varying angles into a water trough.
1D60.70	dropping the bomb	A mechanism to drop a bomb in slow motion from a model airplane.
1D60.71	juggling	Juggling higher trajectories requires slower hand motion.

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