#acl Narf:read,write,delete,revert,admin FacultyGroup:read,write All:read ||<25% style="text-align:center">[[PiraScheme#Thermodynamics|Table of Thermodynamics]] ||<25% style="text-align:center">[[KineticTheory|Thermodynamics (4D): Kinetic Theory]] ||<25% style="text-align:center">[[SecondLaw|Thermodynamics (4F): Entropy and the Second Law]] ||<25% style="text-align:center">[[Demonstrations|Lecture Demonstrations]] || == Gas Law == ||<#dddddd>Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet. || ''PIRA classification 4E'' = 4E10. Constant Pressure = ||<10% style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||'''Demonstration Name''' ||'''Subsets'''||<60% style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' || ||4E10.00 ||Constant Pressure || || || ||4E10.10 ||hot air thermometer || || || ||4E10.10 ||hot air thermometer || ||A large round flask is hooked to a manometer. || ||4E10.11 ||thermal expansion of air || || || ||4E10.11 ||Galileo's thermometer || ||An inverted flask with a long slender stem is set in water. As the air in the flask cools, the water in the tube rises. || ||4E10.11 ||thermal expansion of air || ||Hold the inverted flask of Galileo's thermometer with the hands to heat the entrained air and force the water in the tube down. || ||4E10.12 ||capillary tube thermometer || ||A capillary tube with a bead on mercury is sealed at one end. || ||4E10.12 ||horizontal thermometer || ||An air filled flask fitted with a long slender tube is held horizontally and a small globule of mercury moves in the tube as the air in the flask changes temperature. || ||4E10.13 ||gas thermometer || ||A gas thermometer operated at reduced pressure. || ||4E10.14 ||air thermometer || ||Just an unclear picture - might be a balloon on a flask. || ||4E10.15 ||change of volume with change of temp || ||A flask with a balloon fitted on the neck is heated with hot water and immersed in dry ice/alcohol. || ||4E10.15 ||balloon on a flask || ||A balloon on the neck of a large flask changes volume when the flask is placed into hot water or dry ice/alcohol. || ||4E10.16 ||expansion of gasses || ||Two identical constant pressure gas thermometers are filled with different gasses and immersed in a water bath to show the same volume increase. || ||4E10.16 ||expansion of gasses || ||Two bulbs connected by a "U" tube manometer are filled with different gasses and heated the same amount by immersing in a water bath to show pressure increase is the same on both sides. || ||4E10.20 ||balloons in liquid nitrogen ||pira200||Pour liquid nitrogen over an air filled balloon until it collapses and then let it warm up again. || ||4E10.21 ||balloon in liquid nitrogen || ||A balloon partially inflated on the end of a glass rod is immersed in liquid nitrogen. || ||4E10.22 ||balloons in liquid nitrogen || ||Cool balloons filled with Carbon dioxide, argon, helium, pass them around the class. || ||4E10.30 ||air pressure at low temperature || ||Immerse the bulb of a small thermoscope in liquid air. || = 4E20. Constant Temperature = ||<10% style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||'''Demonstration Name''' ||'''Subsets'''||<60% style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' || ||4E20.00 ||Constant Temperature || || || ||4E20.10 ||square inch syringe || || || ||4E20.10 ||Boyle's law syringe || ||A glass syringe is mounted vertically with a weight holder attached to the plunger. || ||4E20.10 ||gas law with hypodermic syringe || ||A hypodermic syringe mounted vertically shows PV relations. || ||4E20.11 ||Boyle's law || ||Stack weights on a piston and read the volume off a scale. Picture. || ||4E20.12 ||square inch syringe || || || ||4E20.15 ||syringe and pressure gauge || || || ||4E20.15 ||pressure vs. volume || ||A pressure gauge is mounted on a glass syringe. || ||4E20.20 ||Boyle's law apparatus || || || ||4E20.20 ||Boyle's law apparatus || ||A mercury barometer attached with a heavy walled tube to an adjustable glass tube. || ||4E20.20 ||Boyle's law apparatus || ||A flexible tube of mercury is used to apply pressure to a chamber of air. From Am.Jour.Sci. 32,329,1911. || ||4E20.21 ||Boyle's law || ||A large Boyle's law apparatus. Diagram and construction hints. || ||4E20.22 ||Boyle's law apparatus || ||A curved tube with air trapped in the shorter closed end by mercury is tipped to change the pressure from the mercury column. || ||4E20.25 ||Boyle's law apparatus || ||A projection Boyle's law apparatus is shown. Includes a projection pressure meter. || ||4E20.26 ||Boyle's law apparatus || ||A projection Boyle's law apparatus using a mercury plug in a capillary as an indicator. || ||4E20.30 ||Boyle's law with tap pressure || || || ||4E20.30 ||Boyle's law with tap pressure || ||Eliminate mercury with this tap water pressure apparatus. || ||4E20.31 ||Boyle's law || ||"Lab-gas" units are a convenient source of low-pressure gas for Boyle's law demonstrations. || ||4E20.40 ||balloon in a vacuum || || || ||4E20.40 ||balloon in a vacuum || ||Place a partially filled balloon in a bell jar and evacuate. Also try a fresh marshmallow. || ||4E20.50 ||Boyle's law - air track model || ||An air track cart represents a one-molecule gas. The frequency of the collisions with the ends increases if the track is made shorter. || = 4E30. Constant Volume = ||<10% style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||'''Demonstration Name''' ||'''Subsets'''||<60% style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' || ||4E30.00 ||Constant Volume || || || ||4E30.10 ||constant volume bulb ||pira200||A bulb with an absolute pressure gauge is immersed in boiling water, ice water, and liquid nitrogen. || ||4E30.10 ||constant volume thermometer || ||Immerse a tank bulb with an attached pressure gauge in various temperature water baths. || ||4E30.10 ||constant volume bulb - He || ||A Bourdon pressure gauge is attached to a toilet-tank bulb filled with helium and immersed in boiling water, dry ice, and liquid nitrogen. || ||4E30.10 ||pressure vs. temperature || ||A constant volume sphere with a pressure gauge is shown at room temperature and immersed in ice water and boiling water baths. || ||4E30.11 ||gas thermometer || ||A bulb is connected to a mercury manometer. || ||4E30.12 ||constant volume bulb || ||Capillary tubes containing mercury pistons are attached to toilet-tank bulbs filled with different gasses. || ||4E30.20 ||constant volume thermometer || || || ||4E30.20 ||constant volume thermometer || ||A bulb is connected to a mercury manometer that can be raised or lowered to keep the mercury on the bulb side at the same place. || ||4E30.21 ||constant volume air thermometer || ||Looks like the Boyle's law apparatus except the enclosed end has a small flask suitable for immersing in a cold water bath. Adjustments are used to keep the volume constant. || ||4E30.30 ||light bulb pressure || ||Heat a light bulb locally and the glass is pushed in, then heat it while on and the glass is pushed out. || ||4E30.40 ||heat generated by spark || ||The increased pressure of air in an enclosed container heated by sparking is measured with a manometer. || [[Demonstrations]] [[Instructional|Home]]