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== 5E-Electromotive Force and Current ==
''PIRA classification 5E''
||<#dddddd>Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet ||




''''' Please note that these tables have not yet been edited to match the equipment that is available within the UW-Madison lecture demo lab. There maybe many items listed within these tables that we either "can not do" or have available.'''''

= 5E20. Electrolysis =
||<10%  style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Subsets'''||<60%  style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' ||
||5E20.10 ||electrolysis of water || ||DC passed through slightly acidic water evolves hydrogen and oxygen at the electrodes. ||
||5E20.10 ||gas coulombmeter || ||The volume of gas from electrolysis is measured. ||
||5E20.10 ||electrolysis of water || ||The Hoffman apparatus for electrolysis of water. ||
||5E20.10 ||electrolysis || ||The standard commercial electrolysis apparatus. ||
||5E20.11 ||electrolysis of water modification || ||Place Tygon tubing over the wire coming out the bottom to protect it from the acid. ||
||5E20.12 ||electrolysis of water || ||A projection electrolytic cell for showing the evolution of gas. ||
||5E20.15 ||explosion of hydrogen and oxygen || ||Make soap bubbles with the gases from electrolysis of water and blow them to droplets. ||
||5E20.21 ||phenolphthalein electrolysis indicat || ||Phenophthalein is used as an indicator in electrolysis demonstrations. ||
||5E20.22 ||purple cabbage electrolysis indicato || ||Use purple cabbage as an indicator for electrolysis demonstrations. ||
||5E20.22 ||electrolysis of sodium sulfate with || ||Use purple cabbage as an indicator to show electrolysis of sodium sulfate. ||
||5E20.25 ||electrolysis of Na ions through glas || ||Sodium is plated on the inside of a lamp inserted into molten sodium nitrate. ||
||5E20.28 ||mass transfer in electrolysis || ||Measure the current while transferring mass by plating copper to obtain a semi quantitative determination of the Faraday. ||
||5E20.29 ||mass of Na atom by electrolysis || ||A method of determining the mass of a sodium atom by electrolysis. ||
||5E20.30 ||electrolytic rectifier || ||Electrodes of aluminum and lead in a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate form a rectifier. ||
||5E20.40 ||oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron || ||Put ferrous iron in hot water with nitric acid and heat. ||
||5E20.60 ||electric forge || ||Melt an iron rod cathode in a strong sodium sulfite solution. ||


= 5E30. Plating =
||<10%  style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Subsets'''||<60%  style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' ||
||5E30.10 ||copper flashing of iron || ||Polished iron is plated in a copper sulfate solution. ||
||5E30.20 ||electroplating copper || ||Copper and carbon electrodes in a copper sulfate bath. ||
||5E30.20 ||electroplating || ||Copper is plated onto a carbon electrode in a copper sulfate bath. ||
||5E30.24 ||electroplating - lead tree || ||Current is passed between lead electrodes in a saturated solution of lead acetate causing fern like clusters to form on the cathode. ||
||5E30.26 ||electroplating - tin tree || ||Current is passed between electrodes of copper and tin in a acid solution of stannic chloride. With copper as the cathode, tin crystallizes as long needles. ||
||5E30.28 ||electroplating || ||Plate with copper or silver by connecting the object to the negative terminal and using copper sulfate or silver nitrate solution. ||
||5E30.30 ||pickle frying || ||Apply high voltage across a pickle and it lights at one end. ||
||5E30.40 ||silver coulombmeter || ||Silver is plated in a silver nitrate bath onto a platinum cup. ||
||5E30.40 ||silver coulombmeter || ||A silver coulombmeter shows a 1 g change in anode weight when 1 amp is passed for 1000 sec. ||


= 5E40. Cells and Batteries =
||<10%  style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Subsets'''||<60%  style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' ||
||5E40.01 ||Volta's EMF concept || ||The distinction between EMF and electrostatic potential difference is discussed. ||
||5E40.05 ||contact potentials: history, etc || ||The history, concepts, and persistent misconceptions on the contact potentials between metals. ||
||5E40.10 ||EMF dependence on electrode material || ||Two stands each hold several strips of different metals which can be paired and dipped into a dilute acid bath. ||
||5E40.10 ||battery effect || ||Combinations of copper, lead, zinc, and iron are dipped into a dilute sulfuric acid solution. ||
||5E40.15 ||contact potential difference || ||The contact potential difference between copper and zinc can be demonstrated using a condensing electroscope. ||
||5E40.20 ||voltaic cell || ||A voltaic cell is made with copper and zinc electrodes in a sulfuric acid solution. ||
||5E40.20 ||voltaic cells || ||Short a few voltaic cells in series through a loop of iron or nichrome wire. ||
||5E40.21 ||cardboard model voltaic cell circuit || ||A cardboard model illustrates potential difference and electromotive force in a voltaic cell circuit. ||
||5E40.25 ||lemon battery/voltaic cell ||pira200||Stick copper and magnesium electrodes into a lemon and attach a voltmeter. A piezo buzzer can be run directly off the lemon battery. ||
||5E40.25 ||lemon screamer,lasagna cell || ||A little tutorial on electrochemistry for those using the lemon screamer and other interesting cells. ||
||5E40.25 ||lemon battery || ||Zinc and copper strips are hooked to a galvanometer and stuck into fruits and vegetables. ||
||5E40.26 ||voltaic cell polarization || ||Heat the copper cathode in a Bunsen burner flame to oxidize the surface. ||
||5E40.40 ||Crowsfoot or gravity cell || ||A zinc-zinc sulfate/copper-copper sulfate battery. ||
||5E40.50 ||adding dry cells || ||Charge an electroscope with a number of 45 V B batteries in series. ||
||5E40.51 ||dry cell terminals || ||Hook up several dry cells in series to a condensing electroscope, remove the capacitance and test polarity with charged rods. ||
||5E40.60 ||lead acid simple battery || || ||
||5E40.60 ||lead acid simple battery || ||A simple lead acid battery with two electrodes is charged for a short time and discharged through a bell. ||
||5E40.60 ||storage battery || ||Two lead plates in a sulfuric acid solution are charged and then discharged through a doorbell. ||
||5E40.60 ||storage cells || ||The elementary lead storage cell is charged and discharged on the lecture table. ||
||5E40.60 ||simple battery || ||Charge two lead plates in 30% sulfuric acid and discharge through a flashlight bulb. ||
||5E40.61 ||storage cells || ||Melt nail with a storage battery. ||
||5E40.62 ||lead-salt cell || ||Instead of acid, use a saturated salt solution of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate. ||
||5E40.70 ||internal resistance of batteries || || ||
||5E40.70 ||internal resistance of batteries || || ||
||5E40.75 ||weak and good battery || || ||
||5E40.75 ||internal resistance of batteries || ||Measure similar no load voltage on identical looking batteries and then apply a load to each and show the difference in voltage between a good and weak battery. ||


= 5E50. Thermoelectriciy =
||<10%  style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Subsets'''||<60%  style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' ||
||5E50.10 ||thermocouple ||pira200||Two iron-copper junctions, one in ice and the other in a flame, are connected to a galvanometer. ||
||5E50.10 ||thermocouple || ||Attach a voltmeter to the iron wires of two copper-iron junctions while they are differentially heated. ||
||5E50.10 ||thermocouple || ||Two iron-copper junctions, one in ice and the other in a flame, are connected to a galvanometer. ||
||5E50.10 ||thermocouple || ||Place a twisted wire thermocouple in a flame and observe the current on a lecture table galvanometer. ||
||5E50.11 ||thermocouples || ||Heating two metals causes a deflection on a galvanometer. ||
||5E50.12 ||thermoelectric generator || ||Review of a commercial thermoelectric generator made from 150 constantan/nickel-molybdenum thermocouples in series. ||
||5E50.15 ||Seebeck effect || ||The thermoelectric effect of copper-iron junctions. ||
||5E50.17 ||Seebeck and Peltier effects || ||Send current through a copper-iron-copper circuit for several seconds and immediately disconnect and switch to a galvanometer. ||
||5E50.18 ||copper-iron junctions ring || ||Sixty copper-iron junctions in series are arrayed in a ring heated simultaneously with a Bunsen burner producing 90 mA. ||
||5E50.19 ||thermoelectric compass || ||Bars of copper and iron are joined to form a case for a compass needle. The needle will indicate the direction of the current as one or the other junction is heated. ||
||5E50.19 ||thermocouple coil magnet || ||Heat a thermocouple loop and the current produces a magnetic field that can be detected by a compass needle. ||
||5E50.20 ||thermoelectric effect in a wire || ||Show that a piece of soft iron wire connected to a galvanometer has little thermoelectric effect until the wire is kinked. ||
||5E50.25 ||Thompson effect || ||A flame moved along a long wire will "push ahead" current. ||
||5E50.30 ||thermoelectric magnet || ||Heat one side of a heavy copper loop closed by an unknown metal to generate thermoelectricity for an electromagnet. ||
||5E50.30 ||thermoelectric magnet || ||A ring of copper shorted by iron forms a thermocouple that powers an electromagnet when one end is in water and the other is heated in a flame. ||
||5E50.30 ||thermoelectric magnet || ||One end of a heavy copper bar bent into a loop and closed with a copper-nickel alloy is heated, the other cooled. An electromagnet made with a soft iron shell can support 200 lbs. Picture. ||
||5E50.30 ||thermocouple magnet || ||A Bunsen burner heats one side of a thermocouple magnet supporting over 10 Kg. ||
||5E50.30 ||thermoelectric magnet || ||Heat and cool opposite sides of a large thermocouple. Suspend a large weight from an electromagnet powered by the thermocouple current. ||
||5E50.36 ||3M Aztec lamp || ||A thermocouple is built into a kerosene lamp. ||
||5E50.60 ||thermoelectric cooler || ||A Peltier device is used to cool a drop of water. ||
||5E50.60 ||thermoelectric heat pump || ||Mount aluminum blocks with digital thermometers on either side of a Peltier device. Run the current both ways. ||
||5E50.61 ||Peltier effect || ||Directions for making an antimony-bismuth junction and an apparatus to show heating and cooling. ||
||5E50.62 ||Peltier effect || ||Directions for building a Peltier effect device. ||
||5E50.90 ||pyroelectric crystals || ||Demonstrate the temperature effect on the polarization of pyroelectric crystals. Picture. ||
||5E50.93 ||domains of electric polarization || ||Tiny BaTiO3 crystals are heated on a microscope slide until the domains disappear. ||


= 5E60. Piezoelectricity =
||<10%  style="text-align:center">'''PIRA #''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Demonstration Name''' ||<style="text-align:center">'''Subsets'''||<60%  style="text-align:center">'''Abstract''' ||
||5E60.05 ||piezoelectric model || ||A ball and spring model of the piezoelectric effect. ||
||5E60.10 ||quartz crystal scraped || || ||
||5E60.12 ||Rochelle salt demos || ||Ferroelectricity, hysteresis, Curie-point, and the direct piezoelectric effect are demonstrated with a Rochelle salt. Diagrams, Construction and Preparation details in appendix, p.1322. ||
||5E60.13 ||piezoelectric effect - Rochelle salt || ||A Rochelle salt is hooked to a neon lamp or electrostatic voltmeter. ||
||5E60.15 ||piezoelectric sheets || ||Make sheets of polycrystalline Rochelle salt that show piezoelectric effects. ||
||5E60.16 ||PZT sources || ||Two sources for ceramic lead-zirconate-titnante (PZT), 1961. ||
||5E60.20 ||piezoelectric sparker || ||Attach the commercial piezoelectric sparker to Braun electroscope. ||
||5E60.21 ||piezoelectric gas lighter modified || ||Mount a sphere on the end of a piezoelectric gas lighter. ||
||5E60.25 ||piezoelectric gun || ||A piezoelectric gun is used to discharge a set of charged nylon strings. ||
||5E60.25 ||piezoelectric pistol || ||One end of a piezoelectric crystal is attached to a needle point in the pistol. ||
||5E60.30 ||stress vs. voltage || ||Measure the voltage of a Swignette salt crystal under various stresses produced by a mass on a lever arm. ||
||5E60.40 ||piezoelectric speaker || ||Excite a Seignette salt crystal with an audio voltage and couple it to a sounding board. ||
||5E60.41 ||converse piezoelectric effect || ||Connect an audio oscillator to a large Rochelle salt crystal and the sound can be distinctly heard. ||
||5E60.42 ||piezoelectric speaker || ||Apply an audio oscillator to a Rochelle salt and amplify with a wood sounding board. ||
||5E60.45 ||resonating capacitor || ||A HYK capacitor (containing BaTiO3) resonates mechanically at a number of frequencies in the audio range. ||
||5E60.47 ||piezoelectric oscillator || ||Four Rochelle salt crystals are mounted at the center of a long square cross section steel bar and driven by a circuit. Circuit diagrams. ||
||5E60.60 ||hysteresis in barium titanate || ||A circuit for showing hysteresis in ferroelectric crystals on the oscilloscope. ||


[[Demonstrations]]

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