#acl Narf:read,write,delete,revert,admin FacultyGroup:read,write All:read ||<25% style=""text-align:center" ">[[PiraScheme#Astronomy|Table of Astronomy]] ||<25% style=""text-align:center" ">[[StellarAstronomy|Astronomy(8B):Stellar Astronomy]] ||<25% style=""text-align:center" ">[[MiscAstronomy|Astronomy(8D):Miscellaneous Astronomy]] ||<25% style=""text-align:center" ">[[Demonstrations|Lecture Demonstrations]] || == Cosmology == ''PIRA classification 8C'' = 8C10. Models of the Universe = ||<10% style=""text-align:center" ">'''PIRA #''' ||'''Demonstration Name''' ||'''Subsets'''||<60% style=""text-align:center" ">'''Abstract''' || ||8C10.05 ||Cosmological Models || ||A discussion of Red Shift, unbound universe, and other factors, and how they are applied to comological models. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 18(9), 639]] || ||8C10.10 ||The Big Bang || ||The Big Bang and chirality of the universe. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 38(9), 564]] || ||8C10.20 ||Cosmic Microwave Background || ||The study of anisotropies in the CMB. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 70(2), 106]] || ||8C10.25 ||Steady State, Expanding, or Contracting Universe || ||The general Doppler formula in a nonstatic universe is derived. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 45(7), 642]] || ||8C10.25 ||Steady State, Expanding, or Contracting Universe || ||A look at the question " Is the universe open or closed"? See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 16(3), 137]] || ||8C10.30 ||Expanding Universe ||pira200||Pull a rubber hose threaded through five large styrofoam balls at even intervals and pull to watch the expanding intervals. See [ http://groups.physics.umn.edu/demo/old_page/astronomy.html University of Minnesota Handbook - 8C10.10] || ||8C10.30 ||Expanding Universe || ||Pull on a rubber rope with "galaxies" attached. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 50(6),571]] || ||8C10.30 ||Expanding Universe || ||Using a strip of latex to model how long a light pulse would take to travel from one galaxy to another in an expanding universe. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 69(2), 125]] || ||8C10.30 ||Expanding Universe || ||Use transparencies of a sample universe on the overhead to show center of expansion in an expanding universe. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 29(2), 103]] || ||8C10.35 ||Inflating Balloon || ||A balloon with galaxies drawn on is blown up with compressed air. See [ http://groups.physics.umn.edu/demo/old_page/astronomy.html University of Minnesota Handbook - 8C10.15] || ||8C10.37 ||Expanding Universe on a White Board || || || ||8C10.39 ||Expanding Universe || ||Are we able to use experimantal evidence to calculate the total vector momentum of our expanding universe. Is it zero? See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 20(9), 617]] || ||8C10.40 ||Bubble Universe || ||Use a straw to blow bubbles in liquid soap. See [ http://groups.physics.umn.edu/demo/old_page/astronomy.html University of Minnesota Handbook - 8C10.20] || ||8C10.50 ||Galaxy Model || ||Show a 16" diameter galaxy model. See [ http://groups.physics.umn.edu/demo/old_page/astronomy.html University of Minnesota Handbook - 8C10.30] || ||8C10.55 ||View of Galactic Center || || || ||8C10.60 ||Spiral Galaxies || || || ||8C10.70 ||Radio Galaxies || || || ||8C10.80 ||One Million Galaxies || ||A poster showing 1 million galaxies taken at radio wavelengths. || = 8C20. Gravitational Effects = ||<10% style=""text-align:center" ">'''PIRA #''' ||'''Demonstration Name''' ||'''Subsets'''||<60% style=""text-align:center" ">'''Abstract''' || ||8C20.10 ||Klein Bottle || ||A Klein bottle has been made from a 20 L flask. See [ http://groups.physics.umn.edu/demo/old_page/astronomy.html University of Minnesota Handbook - 8C10.40] || ||8C20.20 ||Moebius Strip || ||A strip of aluminum about six inches wide and six feet long is made into a Moebius strip. See [ http://groups.physics.umn.edu/demo/old_page/astronomy.html University of Minnesota Handbook - 8C10.45] || ||8C20.30 ||Saddle Shape || ||A ball is not stable when placed on a saddle shape, but surprisingly does become stable if the saddle shape is rotated. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 63(2), 186]] || ||8C20.30 ||Saddle Shape || ||A butternut squash provides a negative space over small distances. At large distances the space becomes positive. A hubbard squash has a positive space. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 15(5), 298]] || ||8C20.30 ||Saddle Shape || ||Two models of a negatively curved two-dimensional space. One of fiberglass, and one made with strings. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 33(5), 286]] || ||8C20.30 ||Saddle Shape || ||Two more examples. A hollowed out grapefruit is a positive space. Pringles potato chips are examples of negative space. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 16(1), 8]] || ||8C20.35 ||Non-Euclidean Geometry || ||A discussion of gravity touching on non-Euclidean geometry and the geometry of three dimensional space. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 22(9), 557]] || ||8C20.35 ||Non-Euclidean Geometry || ||A helpful discussion about space curvature and how to visualize it. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 29(3), 147]] || ||8C20.35 ||Non-Euclidean Geometry || ||Counting distant radio sources to determine if the overall curvature of space is positively curved, flat, or negatively curved. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 30(2), 92]] || ||8C20.40 ||Gravitational Lens || ||A machined Plexiglas lens bends light like a black hole. See [[http://groups.physics.umn.edu/demo/old_page/astronomy.html|University of Minnesota Handbook - 8C20.40]] || ||8C20.40 ||Gravitational Lenses || ||A computer program to visualize gravitational lenses. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 69(2), 218]] || ||8C20.40 ||Gravitational Lens || ||An equation is developed for constructing a Plexiglas lens. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 48(10),883]] || ||8C20.40 ||[[GravitationalLens|Gravitational Lens]] || ||Directions for constructing a gravitational lens simulator from Plexiglas. Ref: Phys.Rev. 133, B835 (1964). See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 37(1),103]] || ||8C20.40 ||Gravitational Lens || ||A plastic lens that bends light the same way a black hole does. Theory and directions for construction of a lens. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 49(7),652]] || ||8C20.40 ||Gravitational Lens || ||Viewing a fish in a fish tank. Refraction of light as the optical counterpart of a gravitational lens. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 25(7), 440]] || ||8C20.40 ||Gravitational Lens || ||Constructions of a simple gravitational lens demonstration. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 34(9), 555]] || ||8C20.42 ||Gravitational Lens || ||Henry Cavendish and Johann von Soldner calculated that light would be deflected by gravitational bodies long before Einstein. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 56(5), 413]] || ||8C20.42 ||Gravitational Lens || ||How would the outer world look from an observer located in a gravitational lens. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 55(4), 336]] || ||8C20.42 ||Gravitational Lens || ||The principle of equivalence and the deflection of light by the Sun. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 46(8), 801]] || ||8C20.42 ||Gravitational Lens || ||The prediction and test of Einstein's 1916 prediction. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 38(9), 524]] || ||8C20.42 ||Gravitational Lens || ||Additional comments on TPT 38(9), 524. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 39(4), 198]] || ||8C20.43 ||Gravitational Lens || ||The black hole as a gravitational lens. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 55(5), 428]] || ||8C20.45 ||Galactic Lens || ||A machined Plexiglas lens bends light like an extended mass distribution. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 51(9),860]] || ||8C20.50 ||Gravitational Waves || ||Icebreaker activities to use when introducing the subject of gravitational waves. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 44(7), 416]] || ||8C20.50 ||Gravitational Waves || ||About the new generation of gravitational wave detectors. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 44(7), 420]] || ||8C20.50 ||Gravitational Waves || ||On the detection of gravitational waves. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 22(5), 282]] || ||8C20.60 ||Quasars || ||The use of quasars in teaching introductory special relativity. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/ajp/|American Journal of Physics - AJP 55(3), 214]] || ||8C20.60 ||Quasars || ||Quasars and superluminal velocities in astronomy. See [[http://scitation.aip.org/tpt/|The Physics Teacher - TPT 34(8), 496]] || ||8C20.70 ||Cosmic Strings || || || ||8C20.80 ||Dark Matter || || || [[Demonstrations]] [[Instructional|Home]]